I am a man more sinned against than sinning III.2.59-60 Essay Example

I am a man more sinned against than sinning III.2.59-60 Essay To what extent do you agree with Lears statement above? Discuss Lears role in the play and explore his journey from tyrant to humility and death.Interpreting Lears own analysis of his situation, in that he is a man more sinned against than sinning (Act 3, scene 2) is problematic. Up until this point, and throughout the play, the characterization of Lear has been particularly complex. He is, in fact a tragic hero who excites a variety of responses from an audience. Lear has been presented to the audience as neither wholly evil, in that it can be argued that he is suffering unjustly, nor wholly good, in that his sufferings are completely undeserved. Lear demonstrates both good and bad qualities to an extent, and it is possible to say that Lear is neither deserving nor undeserving of his sufferings in a straightforward way. This essay will therefore assess conflicting points of view relating to the original statement, and in analysing the evidence, will demonstrate the extent to which I agree with the statement.It is possible to say that Lear is deserving of his sufferings to an extent, and that he is now reaping the rewards of his arrogance, irrationality and foolishness. One critic of the lay, William Rosen notes in How Do We Judge King Lear? in Criticism, Vol. XIV, No. 3, Summer, 1972, pp. 207-26.Initially Lear is imperious, vain, and unwilling to consider any perspective other than his own Such qualities are presented clearly to the audience in the opening of the play, when it is particularly evident that Lear is only experiencing the sufferings that he has imposed upon himself through his own folly. In Act 1, Lear displays many traits designed to alienate and shock the audience. In fact, Lear is the first character the audience are encouraged to dislike. Rash and arrogant, Lear behaves like a tyrannical dictator rather than a responsible King and Father.As soon as the audience are introduced to Lear, he describes the absurd love test he will carry out in orde r to divide up his kingdom. What should in essence be a difficult and serious task for the king is seemingly disregarded as Lear adopts a method more suitable for flattering his own ego than judging who can best govern the state. Lear questions which of you shall say doth love us most? (Act 1, scene 1.) The audience witnesses Lears absurd and egotistical test whereby his daughters publicly lay claim as to who loves their father more in the hopes of gaining the largest proportion of land.This interpretation of Lear is further reinforced by his alarming tendency to judge first and foremost on appearances and his utter blindness to reality. Fooled by his own sense of pride, he relishes Goneril and Regans superficial and elegant speeches. He is thrilled by Gonerils exaggerated and profoundly ironic claim that she loves him beyond what can be valued, rich or rare. (Act 1 scene 1) However, upon Cordelias honest, plain, but no less meaningful statements and refusal to participate, Lear los es his temper and behaves like a tyrant, behaving absurdly, arrogantly and irrationally.He banishes not only Cordelia his favourite, and ironically the only daughter who holds any genuine love and compassion for him, but also Kent, his most loyal, trusted and previously most highly esteemed servant, in favour of those characters the audience can see, are so obviously corrupt. Because Cordelia would not conform to her Fathers ludicrous expectations he disowned her, simply on the grounds that his own pride suffered a blow, not because of any genuine malicious intentions. Lear behaved atrociously towards Cordelia, humiliating, insulting, and breaking the natural parental bonds with the only daughter who held any sort of genuine compassion for him. Such irrationality, Lears banishment and disownment of not one but two genuine and rational characters signify to the audience that such evils cannot go unchecked, and Lear will experience great sufferings for his foolish behaviour in the fut ure. It is this behaviour in Scene 1, that we can say is Lears biggest sin.It is quite possible, that the sisters atrocious behaviour towards their father is to an extent, justified, by the way in which Lear has behaved toward them. It is evident that Lear has favoured Cordelia above Goneril and Regan since childhood. Such unfairness and neglect from Lear towards the sisters has undoubtedly contributed to their own lack of loyalty towards their father, and subsequent treatment of him. Such a need to compete against the favourite child in order to gain love for their father have in fairness, have in essence, shaped the characters of Goneril and Regan. From childhood they perhaps have borne resentment and frustrations at the tendencies of Lear and it is arguable that the sisters actions and ultimately Lears sufferings are the products of what he has himself created.The sisters, unable to obtain what should have been given unconditionally, not earned, which was their fathers love, in m y opinion, have shaped their power hungry and ruthless natures. What in fact they demonstrate is perhaps not wholly unjustified, but profoundly human qualities in their attempts to gain wealth and power, and therefore it is questionable the extent to which we can condemn them for it. This point is further reinforced in Act 2 scene 4, when Lear, despairingly tries in vain to convince them of his need to keep his train, he reminds them of what they own him. I gave you all. Which is swiftly undercut by Regans immediate response of And in good time you gave it, signifying her obvious sense of dissatisfaction of her Fathers behaviour throughout her life.When exploring Lears analysis that he is more sinned against from sinning from this point of view is obviously flawed, in that Lear certainly has at times abused his power, neglected his children and too concerned with his own sense of importance, was blind to the reality of the situation. However true this may be, it is also possible to say that we can in fact, at times identify and sympathise with Lear as he progresses down the path of self discovery and rejuvenation. One critic, Arnold Kettle, in Literature and Liberation: Selected essays, 1998 Is of the opinion that Lears story is the progress from being a King to being a man, no more, no less. The following will explore this opinion further.Lear evokes our sympathy when he shows his better qualities In Act 2. His hiring of Caius shows that Lear inspires loyalty, and his interaction with the Fool shows a softer, more tolerant side to his nature. We also admire, to an extent his determination to remain calm when he feels he is being wronged I have perceived a most faint neglect of late which I have rather blamed as mine own jealous curiosity than as a very pretence and purpose of unkindness. (Act 1, Scene 4) Lear is willing to give Goneril the benefit of the doubt, but of course this calm side could possible be due to his awareness of his loss of power. In the ne xt scene however, Lear realises his foolishness in his treatment of Cordelia.With this new insight and growing troubles, our concern for Lear grows as we witness him continually being cheated and disrespected. We begin to share his outrage at Goneril and Regan, for their behaviour towards him. His arguments with Goneril in Scene 4 are not the egotistic ravings witnessed in scene one, but rather arguments of desperation and weakness, impotence rather than authority. We witness his genuine shock at his realisation of his foolishness which in turn evokes our pathos as well as encouraging us to condemn Gonerils behaviour towards her father. Lear assesses the situation befittingly, stating that it is sharper than a serpents tooth, to have a thankless child (Act 1, scene 4)In the following Act we witness a further demise in the authority of Lear with the punishment of Caius in Act 2, scene 2. Lear has arrived at Gloucesters castle and has discovered the the shame (line 6) of finding Kent, his servant in stocks. This unnerves the King, and it is proof that he is continuing to be treated with contempt. Yet, when told the truth he is unwilling to believe that his daughter could be responsible for this crime against him. This blind faith in his daughter causes us to pity him all the more, as we know of her true intentions, which effectively mounts our dislike for Goneril and Regan all the more. What is revealed here is Regan and Cornwalls malicious and cruel natures.The mood and tone of this scene has shifted, indicating Lears increasing mental stability. Lears turmoil and cries for affection are evident to the audience, and so we feel all the more resentful at the heartlessness of Regan in her utter oblivion for her fathers suffering. Lear in this scene is presented to us as an old, desperate man. One in which we can easily feel pathos towards in his obvious defeat. When Cornwall and Regan arrive he is pitiful and troubled, ending his first speech with a cry out to his daughter O Regan! (line 132) Regan however, employs the same sharp tone that Goneril used effectively in Act 1 Scene 4. She tells her father he should just accept his age and failings of judgement. Regan is extremely firm in her advice to return to Goneril and beg her pardon.Lear is astonished and is reduced to kneeling to her in begging On my knees I beg that youll vouchsafe me raiment, bed and food. Lear, previously powerful and respected, is now conveyed to us as a weak old man, forced to beg to his uncompassionate daughter for shelter. This sends a clear image to the audience of the Sisters, together youthful and powerful with ruthless ambition, are able combined to cause an unforeseen extent of trouble. Such strong power is juxtaposed upon their competing against the old and meagre Lear who stands alone, utterly powerless, reaping the consequences of his foolish act. Whats worse is that Lear is even further demeaned in that he is reduced to the use of flattery to try and win R egans acceptance Her (Gonerils) eyes are fierce but thine do comfort and not burn.But again, his words have no effect. The audience have the added insight and it is obvious to us of the falseness and utter hopelessness of Lears beliefs. These visual signs of his deterioration, his beggary, and reversion to flattery serve to shock the audience, provoke pity and remind us of his desperation, and so result in the complete rejection for the Sisters principals. We detest Regans nerve in reducing her own father to such a blundering state, and we are given the impression of the conflict very much being a two against one situation. We deplore her all the more for her cold, detached and simply rude response to her Fathers desperate pleas for residence Return you to my sister! she uncompromisingly commands. We are aware now that Lear is utterly without hope with the combined forces of both his daughters working against him.Gonerils lack of concern prove the sisters are oblivious to Lears agit ation and suffering, and they embarrassingly for Lear, insist upon measuring out his servants. The sisters continue, cruelly, to contradict Lear upon the issue of his knights, and successively, they symbolically strip Lear of everything that was once important to him, his power, his identity and his authority. Goneril questions him what need you five and twenty, ten, or five? Which is followed swiftly by Regans what need you one? Lear, devastated announces he is a poor old man, as full of grief as age. Lear is reduced from a position of respect and authority to a penury beggar type figure which served to evoke a definite sense of pathos. Upon Lears departure, they cold, callously and symbolically lock the doors against Lear, creating a definite sense that they have turned their backs on their father.They are neither moved nor concerned for their fathers well being nor by his agonised final speech. This shocking detachedness demonstrates their cruel desire to inflict suffering upon a n old man. The action of this scene would have a profound effect upon the audience as they witness the cruelty he endures. Lear has been stripped of everything which separates him from humanity. No longer the grand, authoritive power figure of Act 1, Lear has been reduced in the extreme, his weaknesses exposed. Lear is, therefore no longer elevated above humanity and an audience has the ability to identify with his situation. Upon witnessing events and Lears exit into the storm, our sympathies are likely to rest and lie with the beleaguered King.Such pathos is further fortified by Lears symbolic descent into madness where he undergoes an immense learning process as he treads along the path of self-discovery. Indeed, it was necessary for Lear to suffer in order to improve his understanding of himself and his society generally. It also appears that as the audience witness the deterioration and mounted suffering and internal turmoil of Lear in Act 3, their sympathy grows likewise. Iron ically, it is evident that it is only when Lear turns mad that he can see the things he was blind to when he was sane. In scene 3, for the first time we witness Lear showing his compassionate nature when he considers the Fools comfort in the storm. Come on, my boy.How dost, my boy? Art cold? No longer is Lear filled with a sense of his own self pity and importance, and his softer and more humane nature shines through at this point in his unselfish acts. Such changes serve to remove further the trappings associated with power and the audience can easily identify in favour and feel sympathy towards Lears own analysis of himself as a poor, infirm, weak and despised old man. Whilst witnessing Lears obvious decent into madness in the storm, his inner turmoil and agonising sufferings evident we feel a definite sense of pathos towards him. At this point also we feel that indeed Lears past sins are becoming more and more insignificant in light of what he has had to endure. Therefore it is easy to agree or at least recognise the validity to Lears despairing proclamation in this scene, that he is indeed a man more sinned against than sinning.Here, we are presented with a former King, a meagre, weak, old man stripped of power and humiliated by his own daughters, with no shelter in a terrible storm. What further offers proof to us that Lear is deserving of our sympathy is the fact that he has inspired two, obviously good and faithful servants who love him, and would follow him blindly to ensure his safety. Furthermore, Lear was loved genuinely and fiercely by Cordelia, who embodied goodness, purity, and Christian love. If Lear is capable of inspiring the love and respect of three characters such as these it is arguable that he must indeed have noble and admirable qualities.Scene 4 demonstrates Lears process of self enlightenment further. Lear continues to act unselfishly, showing humility and putting the needs of The Fool, Kent and Poor Tom above his own, indicating he i s learning compassion. This is further explored when Lear is able to recognise, and talk with a great degree of empathy and reverence about issues he paid little attention to previously, and in doing so realisied his priorities did not lie where they should have when he was King. In his madness, he considers topics such as the poor and homelessness and the corrupt justice system, coming to realise O! I have taen too little care of this! More symbolically, Lear undergoes a terrible sense of self-purging through his interactions with Poor Tom and displays the stoicism of a true tragic hero.The sense of pity we feel for Lear increases as he learns to pity others, despite his own immense sufferings. Lear learns to distinguish between appearances and reality, as symbolised by the removal of his clothes. This act is a far cry from the character we saw in Act 1. At this point all symbols of power have been removed and therefore there is no longer any sort of barriers between Lear and human ity. With this action, Lear is likely to have won the audiences respect and support. Indeed, it is evident that Lear emerges from this torment a much more humble, loving and attractive character.In saying this, it is also important to recognise that there are some elements in this scene which make Lear less sympathetic. Although it is true that Lear undoubtedly gains a sense of enlightenment, it is questionable whether he gained a full sense of acceptance for his own guilt in the situation. Lear most certainly feels sorry for his treatment of Cordelia, but never for his foolish action of dividing his Kingdom on the basis of something so superficial as a love test. Similarly, Lear does not recognise that he, perhaps did not act at all times as a fair father should towards Goneril and Regan in his favouritism. In scenes 2 and 4, Lears revelations of humanity are punctuated with references to his own sufferings and words of vengeance, and it is evident that Lear still holds a great dea l of resent and wrath.Filial ingratitude! Is it not that this mouth should tear this hand for lifting food to it? Indeed he, perhaps rather selfishly assumes that Poor Toms madness must be as a result of daughters, unable to comprehend any other reason for madness. Nothing could have subdued nature to such a lowness but unkind daughters. It is possible also to say that Lear is too obsessed with his own sufferings that he fails to recognise the validity or even possibility of anyone elses, which comes through in his obvious vengefulness. Lear also, rather alarmingly, shifts the blame onto women and at times shows a definite sense of misogyny. Such actions portray Lear to be unaccepting of his own guilt and therefore less sympathetic to the audience.However, with these elements taken into account, I am of the opinion that Lear undoubtedly does achieve in fact a sense of reverence and compassion to an extent that certainly was not present before. The fact that Lear is not perhaps compl etely reformed gives rise to a more realistic human journey, as it is certainly true that people do not gain understanding and change to become better people instantly. It is the fact that Lears path of enlightenment involves elements of resent and wrath which gives him qualities all the more human and therefore even more identifiable with.Perhaps, the climax of Lears journey occurs in Act 5 through his reconciliation with Cordelia. The Lear we see in scene 3 is worlds apart from the Lear of previous scenes, and it is at this point that Lear reaches the summit of his own self understanding. At his meeting with Cordeila, he is unconcerned at going to prison so long as he can be with her to protect her. Lear shows the utmost reverence and respect towards her, Ill kneel down and ask thee for forgiveness. The tone of his speech is gentle and for the first time we receive he has a genuine sense of happiness, which is associated with his love for Cordelia, a human relationship as opposed to any material belongings, wealth or authority. Lear speaks calmly, rationally and surprisingly optimistically considering they will most likely be sent to prison.The audience receives a definite sense form his behaviour that he would be content so long as he can be with his daughter, providing evidence that the Lear who placed importance upon materialistic pleasures is a thing of the past. Lear and Cordelias reconciliation is touching and we deplore any attempts to interfere with this bond, gaining respect for Lear all the more strongly for discovering the value of human relationships and family. He, for once is able to give and whats more, recognise genuine love and care, which he realises individually is far more important than status. Lear, upon his total recognition has gained our support entirely at this point.At the end of the play we feel the utmost sympathy for Lear upon the death of Cordelia. We realise agonisingly that it is just as Lear reached an understanding, the mos t important person was taken away from him. Our sympathy for the mourning King is furthered by his dellusionary state when, unable to accept her sudden death he imagines that she still lives. He claims that if the feather stirs; she lives, it is a chance which does redeem all sorrows that I have ever felt. We see a bent, suffering old father who has had to go through the agony of losing his daughter just as he had gained a sense of understanding to really embrace the value of human relationships.Lears total rejuvenation extracts our utmost pathos at the end. Whilst his sufferings would appear to have been in vain I am of the opinion that it was necessary for Lear to suffer as he did, to go through the experiences in order to come through a better and purer person. I feel that Lear was able to die with a sense of happiness which would have otherwise been impossible, in that he recognised his previous sins and seeked to rectify them, in making amends with Cordelia before it was too la te. In this way, Lear was offered the opportunity to gain redemption through his suffering.In conclusion, upon discussing the evidence, I can say that I agree with the original statement to an extent. Up to perhaps the point where Lear made his statement, that he was more sinned against than sinning, I believed that Lears own sins still largely surmounted those he had suffered. In my opinion, Lears failure to recognise his own failings would be likely to heighten the audiences perception of Lears darker, more vengeful nature, and so promote substantially less sympathy towards Lear. Yet as the action progressed, when Lear ceased his complaints of his own sufferings, recognised the validity of the troubles of others and in doing so gained a greater sense of compassion and understanding, I do in fact, identify with Lears analysis. As we witness the old Kings genuine sufferings our sympathy grows likewise.Lear, in laying himself bare to us, removes all barriers which separates him from mankind. Lear is more or less exposing his own weaknesses to us the audience, and in doing so, creates a certain bond with the audience by putting himself in our care. Such an action gains our respect and we can now sympathise strongly with him. We can recognise and see for our v selves the wrongs committed against him, which in turn leads us to deplore such sins all the more strongly. Finally, upon my understanding and interpretation of the action of the play, I can say that Lear in fact suffers more sins than is responsible for, as indeed Lears sufferings were a direct result of calculated evil intentions, whereas his own sins were perhaps due to mere ignorance.

BMW Human Resoure Managment Project

BMW Human Resoure Managment Project Executive Summary Type of problem The automotive industry has presented humanity with a wide range of beneficiaries. However, it is pointed at as a major source of air pollution resulting in climate change, green house gases, human diseases and many other problems. In fact, the industry is among the biggest consumers of fossil fuels.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on BMW Human Resoure Managment Project specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The development of green technology towards mitigating the effects of air pollution is contemporarily critical in realizing sustainable development. The development of innovative systems and technologies possess the capacity to improve performance if appropriate resource management is put in place. Requirements In order to attain sustainable development in the automotive industry, the management of resources is crucial. Human resource management (HRM) is particularly important. HRM dra ws out the incentive of employees and assists in the development of expertise (Shatouri, Omar Igusa, 2012). An organization cannot perform at optimal level until every employee is dedicated to the organizational goals and function as an efficient team member. The input of the human resource function is therefore essential for an automotive company to produce automotives that will ensure not only sustainability development but also contribute towards the profitability of the company. Proposed business solution Strategic human resource management is the main means through which a company can mold the skills, behavior and attitudes of the employees to support the company’s strategic goals. In a company such as Bavarian Motor Works, the implementation of sound HRM strategy in view of employee will be beneficial to the company in moving towards the green technology in operation and production of automotives. The engagement of employees in decision-making is critical in individual and organizational performance. This study will address the importance of implementing a set of human resource management strategies that will elicit workforce’s motivation in developing expertise and innovativeness. The strategic practices proposed will allow BMW to realize and employ knowledge and skills in its employees. This will in turn accelerate innovativeness with sustainable environment practices in the mind of the employees. Main Body The proposed project portfolio-management method Project portfolio management is an assortment of methodologies and strategies that are intended to assist in managing a multiplicity of projects efficiently and successfully. BMW has been successful in managing other projects considering the financial endowment of the company. In fact, the company has the capacity to employ expertise in appropriate fields. However, this is usually costly as those engaged in specific projects disengage once the contract is over.Advertising Lookin g for proposal on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The company then engages others to continue with the project. In order to minimize the costs incurred by the company in its efforts to develop green technologies, the HRM approach is the most feasible approach. The introduction of HRM to the company will ensure that a culture is developed. The culture will ensure that the company does not require engaging outsiders for growth, profitability and development of the company (Lopez-Nicolas Mero-Cerdian, 2011). The company will depend on the established employee loyalty, dedication, innovativeness and commitment to the endeavors of the company. This is only achievable if sound human resource management is put in place as a continuous process for the current and prospective employees. The approach will ensure that the employees will actively contribute towards innovativeness in the company. The proposal compri se of three HRM practices that hold up an innovation-based HR system. These include training, performance-based rewarding and team development. Training The quick rates of technological changes require regular training of the workforce in order to remain relevant in their respective roles. The acquisition of skills requires being continuous. Training the workforce enhances skills and knowledge essential in the development of new products. Organizations that are high performers invest time and financial resources in educating and training the workforce. The training will be aligned to the needs of BMW. Performance-based Rewarding Trained employees are typically competent based on the training they receive. However, different individuals employ the acquired knowledge differently. Learning behaviors that make individuals to improve their performance necessitate rewarding to sustain competitiveness. The approach will ensure that BMW benefits from the training mediated by the workforceâ €™s skills, behavior and attitudes. In this proposal, performance rewarding will be primarily based on product development. This does not translate to doing away with other rewards. Team Development Technology-oriented researches indicate that teamwork plays a fundamental role in eliciting innovation (Shatouri, Omar Igusa, 2012). Organizational development and performance significantly depends on team development planning. It influences organizational performance, improves productivity, innovativeness as well as workforce morale.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on BMW Human Resoure Managment Project specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More BMW requires implementing professional team development initiatives under the HRM function in order to encourage the teams to contemplate as a unit. It will also assist individuals in developing a range of interpersonal expertise including motivational, leadership and communication s kills. Rationale BMW’s overall plan to conducting business begins with the idea that an organizational competitive edge should be anchored on the value for individuals. BMW has a basic supposition that has been cautiously chosen and grown on employees for quite some time. The company assumes that the more people it has the more the production and consequently the profitability of the company. The proposed project aspires to diminish this aspect by introducing the ‘engaged, motivated and satisfied employee’. Instead of having a massive workforce that is not engaged in research and development, innovativeness and engagement, the project will seek to develop a workforce based on the aforementioned perspectives. This will lead the company in attaining competitive advantage and shared prosperity. Strategic efforts of BMW BMW is globally renowned for quality world-class automotives and technology initiatives. The company maintains an outstanding profile in its human re source policies and standards. The company believes that investing in human resources is the key to success in the production and manufacturing-oriented companies. The company in the past has made investments in the human resources by poaching professionals from other automotive companies (Zapata Nieuwenhuis, 2010). However, this approach regardless of being successful has not been sustainable. Other companies also poach employees from the company. BMW consequently has had to repeat the process thus making it a costly process. The programs that have previously been employed by the company were based on the belief that when the right tools are applied to particular problems through highly skilled personnel, the organizational performance will spectacularly improve in a considerably short duration. Such a program is targeted at labor cost and inventory reduction while minimizing quality challenges (Lopez-Nicolas Mero-Cerdian, 2011). Vision This project will create a large pool of kn owledge and motivated workers that will guarantee a stable flow of competent and innovative human resources to handle BMW’s global business. This will focus wider than the current practice in which the company believes in expertise in the production line only.Advertising Looking for proposal on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Goal This project seeks to establish an organizational culture that will assist the company in developing the skills and competence of the employees. The employees will require being motivated to contribute in attaining the objectives of the company. By having a dedicated workforce, the success of the company will be guaranteed in case other areas outside the human resource function will be well attended to by those concerned. This goal is specific in that it seeks to have a committed and satisfied workforce. It is measurable considering that the contribution of the employees can be assessed and compared to performance prior to the implementation of the program. The goal is attainable since it involves human interaction, employee satisfaction, creation of commitment and consequent innovativeness. HRM is currently the approach employed by many successful companies and it promises a worthy future for companies that will implement it. In fact, it is realistic since it has been done bef ore while the approach is timely for BMW. The company needs to reduce recruitment costs, gain competitive advantage and ensure environmental sustainability (Zapata Nieuwenhuis, 2010). Major Deliverables Organizational integration This is the primary deliverable of the project. This will be at personal and corporate level. The teams will be subordinate to the company objectives. The teams will be composed of individuals hence a relationship between the individual and the company will be established. Commitment This is an outcome of the initiative. Once the employees are engaged with the company at all levels, loyalty will be created. Adaptability and Flexibility There will be no single authority holding powers over teams. The team leader will only act as the link with other teams. The teams will be restructured according to the situation. Job rotation will be an aspect of the initiative to develop skills fully in all employees. Quality The training of the teams means that the indivi duals can assess their own performances, their peers and the entire team. This will be coupled with benchmarking and continuous process improvement. Change Management This approach will bring with it significant changes. The HR function will ensure that the changes positively influence the individuals and the company to maximize performance and motivate the employees. Timeframe for solution delivery January to February 2014 – Putting the necessary infrastructure in place March to June 2014 – Training of staff August 2014 – Assessment of the change in attitude September 2014 – Performance appraisal January 2015 onwards – Quarterly training and performance appraisal Table of resources People Equipment Materials Human resource manager Professional instructors Employees Computers Contemporary technology appropriate for automotive industry Any other necessary equipment to facilitate innovation Performance appraisal systems Stationery Le arning aids (including charts) Information from the internet Total Budget for the project Currently, BMW has programs that are designed to find the most skilled personnel for respective departments particularly the production division. The company will require purchasing equipment that will facilitate training and evaluation of performance. The total budget is estimated at $50,000. Description Cost (US dollar) Computers 30,000 Software 10,000 Stationery 2,000 Training expenses 8,000 Total 50,000 Key success criteria The success of the proposed initiative will be assessed according to the improvement in performance and the company. Using performance appraisal tools, the level of improvement will reflect whether the initiative is successful or not. The rationale in this is that the company already has a HR program. However, the proposed approach presents the company with a significant departure from the current practice. Stakeholders’ satisfactory levels T here will be evident change of attitude in interactions. Company performance will increase New products will be produced Conclusion Training, performance-based rewarding and team development present companies with the opportunity for innovation, gain competitive advantage and move towards sustainable development. The move helps an organization to reduce costs while ensuring environmental sustainability through innovative workforce. References Lopez-Nicolas, C., Mero-Cerdian, L. (2011). Strategic knowledge management, innovation and performance. International Journal of Information Management, 31(6), 502–509. Shatouri, R., Omar, R., Igusa, K. (2012). Towards a new era of sustainability in the automotive industry: Strategic human resource management and green technology innovation. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 69(2), 217-222. Zapata, C., Nieuwenhuis, P. (2010). Exploring innovation in the automotive industry: New technologies for cleaner cars. Journ al of Cleaner Production, 18(1), 14– 20.

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THE_MEDIA_DB - Essay Example In democracy, people have the freedom to profess what they believe. There is freedom of speech and expression. The American declaration of independence, the French declaration of the rights of man etc. have emphasised the importance of freedom. Freedom is essential for the all round development and personality of the individual. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights also emphasised the importance of freedom. All democratic constitutions of the word provide freedom to the people. So, there is no doubt that freedom is essential and most popular struggles have been for freedom. Now the question is to what extent freedom is permissible? Is complete freedom desirable? If freedom is to be restricted, who has the power to do so? It is an accepted view that freedom is to be restricted in such a way that one’s exercise of freedom should not affect exercise of similar freedom by other individuals and should not take away the rights of other individuals. The issues mentioned above ar e relevant to internet freedom also. Virtual space has become a reality. Internet has penetrated to every part of the world. It is the era of e-governance and e -commerce. People spent more time at internet than before. Information, political or otherwise is acceble to all. Social networking sites are growing and corporate sector is also making use of the facilities associated with internet. The internet provides opportunity for people to relate with anybody in any part of the world. It is easy to spread ideas and form groups. So, there is reason to believe that internet promotes freedom and democracy. With the help of internet, administration has become more transparent. Political parties and candidates conduct election campaigns using internet. In a recent university address titled â€Å"Internet Rights and Wrongs: Choices and Challenges in a Networked World,† Secretary of State Hillary Clinton berated authoritarian regimes and praised the people of Tunisia and Egypt for us ing digital tools to organise democratic protests (On real Internet Freedom). In that address Mrs. Clinton underscored high opportunity cost for countries which filter or shut down the Internet (On real Internet Freedom). She praised twitter for helping frustrated citizens of the Arab world. It can be said that discontent in Tunisia exploded in public anger when Wiki Leaks published the cables on the U.S. ambassador's assessment of corruption by President Zine al-Abidine Ben Ali (On real Internet Freedom). The Tunisian uprising was triggered by the revelations of wiki leaks and internet. In the era of wiki leaks, publishing secrets is a major danger of unchecked internet. The judicial position on the Pentagon Papers on Vietnam, refusing to grant prior restraint on publication of classified documents, serves as a clear guide for internet freedom (On real Internet Freedom). While acknowledging the fact that internet freedom is important, unchecked internet freedom pause certain danger s to the political world. One such danger is related to secrecy. It is natural that every individual, organisation and state has some secret things which it wants to keep private and do not like to disclose. In the interest of national interest, a state has a right to keep certain things secret. It may be a part of the strategy. Disclosing such things might hamper national security. Internet facilitates publication of such documents as evidence by wiki Leaks. But this is not a reason shut down internet

Differences between the characteristics of a soft real time task

Differences between the characteristics of a soft real time task Ques 1:-Explain the key differences between the characteristics of a soft real time task such as web browsing and a non real time task such as e-mail delivery? ANS= Key Concepts Classification Of Real-Time Systems Real-Time systems can be classified from different perspectives. The first two classifications, hard real-time versus soft real-time, and fail-safe versus fail-operational, depend on the characteristics of the application, i.e., on factors outside the computer system. The second three classifications, guaranteed-timeliness versus best-effort, resource-adequate versus resource-inadequate, and event-triggered versus time-triggered, depend on the design and implementation, i.e., on factors inside the computer system. However this paper focuses on the differences between hard and soft real-time classification. Hard Real-Time versus Soft Real-Time The response time requirements of hard real-time systems are in the order of milliseconds or less and can result in a catastrophe if not met. In contrast, the response time requirements of soft real-time systems are higher and not very stringent. In a hard real-time system, the peak-load performance must be predictable and should not violate the predefined deadlines. In a soft real-time system, a degraded operation in a rarely occurring peak load can be tolerated. A hard real-time system must remain synchronous with the state of the environment in all cases. On the otherhand soft real-time systems will slow down their response time if the load is very high. Hard real-time systems are often safety critical. Hard real-time systems have small data files and real-time databases. Temporal accuracy is often the concern here. Soft real-time systems for example, on-line reservation systems have larger databases and require long-term integrity of real-time systems. If an error occurs in a sof t real-time system, the computation is rolled back to a previously established checkpoint to initiate a recovery action. In hard real-time systems, roll-back/recovery is of limited use. Ques2:-Name any two important sensors devices and two actuator devices use in real time applications and explain the physical principals behind their working? ANS= one actuator is robotic arms that is mainly used in the manufacture company of any car and bike..the robotic adjust the parts of car inside the cabenet†¦ Input=tempreture ,,,pressure,light,etc its all the input of for the actuator†¦ Output=electrical signal Ques3:-:- In a hard real time system, is it necessary that every task in the system be of hard real time type? Explain your answer using a suitable example? Ans:-Contain only tasks with no hard timing constraints.Also known as â€Å"best effort† systemsMost modern operating systems can serve as the base for a soft real time systems.Examples:multimedia transmission and reception, networking, telecom (cellular) networks,web sites and services, computer games. Contains tasks with hard timing constraints.Requires formal verification/guarantees of being to always meet its hard deadlines (except for fatal errors). Examples:air traffic control , vehicle subsystems control, medical systems There are two different execution models: In a preemptive model of execution a task may be interrupted (preempted) during its execution and another task run in its place. In a non-preemptive model of execution after a task that starts executing no other task may execute until this task concludes or yields the CPU. The task model for a real time system has two main types: Ques4:-What are the different types of timing constraints that occur in a system? Give examples of each. Time constraints of data:-The controlling system interacts with its environment based on the data available about the environment, say from various sensors e.g position , velocity, and altitude, sensors and cameras. It is known that the state of the environment, as perceived by the controlling system, be consistent with the actual state of the environment. The second data is processed further to derive new data, for example data such as aircraft position, heading velocity are used to derive the time at which it would touch ground if allowed to land. Time constraints of actions:- having covered the timing aspects of events and data we are now in a position to summarize the reasons for actions being associated with time constraints. Time constraints dictate the behaviour of the environment they constrain the rates and time at which input arrive at the system for example in an air traffic control system, a flight commander must not ask for permission to land until the aircraft is 10 minutes from the airport. Behavioral constraints ensure that the environment of a system is well behaved, whereas performance constraints ensure that the computer system performs satisfactorily. Each of performance and behavioral constraints can further be classified into the following three types: Delay Constraint Deadline Constraint Duration Constraint These three classes of constraints are explained in the subsequent sections. Ques5:-Explain why safety and reliability are not independent issues in safety-critical hard real time systems. Explain the basic techniques you would adopt to develop a software product that is required to be highly reliable Ans:- it will crash, and it wastes lot of time and money to create a new system, and if the system is crash it will not work as a real time system ,it loses the reliability ,therefore it is necessary to hard real time systems that safety and reliability depends on each other, thus system works as a true hard real time system. In traditional systems ,safety and reliability are normally considered to be independent issues .it is therefore possible to identify a traditiona system that is safe and unreliable and systems that are reliable but unsafe.for ex- word processing software may not be a reliable but is safe, Software Reliability is an important to attribute of software quality, together with functionality, usability, performance, serviceability, capability, installability, maintainability, and documentation. Software Reliability is hard to achieve, because the complexity of software tends to be high. While any system with a high degree of complexity, including software, will be hard to reach a certain level of reliability, system developers tend to push complexity into the software layer, with the rapid growth of system size and ease of doing so by upgrading the software. For example, large next-generation aircraft will have over one million source lines of software on-board; next-generation air traffi c control systems will contain between one and two million lines; the upcoming international Space Station will have over two million lines on-board and over ten million lines of ground support software; several major life-critical defense systems will have over five million source lines of software. While the complexity of software is inversely related to software Ques6:-Give an example of soft real time task and non real time task. Explain the difference in between these two types of tasks? Ans:- A soft real-time system on the other hand will tolerate such lateness, and may respond with decreased service quality (e.g., omitting frames while displaying a video). Soft real-time systems are typically used where there is some issue of concurrent access and the need to keep a number of connected systems up to date with changing situations;a non real time tasks are batch processing jobs,e -mail,and background tasks such an event logers .you may ,however ,argue that even these tasks, in the strict sense of the term ,do have certain time bounds.an email is expected to reach its destination at least with in a coupleof hours of being sent.similar is the case with a batch processing job such a pay-slip printing what then reality is the difference between a non real task and a soft real time task for non real time tasks ,the associated time bounds are typically of the order of a few minutes hours or even days .in contrast the time bounds associated with soft real time tasks are at most of the order

My environment MY responsibility Essay

Good morning to Mr. Principal,teachers and students. Thank you for Mr. Principal for giving me a chance to present our speach on My environment MY responsibility. we come up with three categories of environment, where it includes the natural environment, built environment which involving the act of vandalism and social environment along with some suggestion on how we can improve these situations. As we talking about natural environment nowadays, we have to reflect ourselves on what we have done before this to the natural environment itself. Being such an irresponsible person or students who like to throw the rubbish everywhere, practice open burning and step on the grass that has been prohibited, it makes the environment become worst day by day. As we reflect back, this is all because our attitude itself. If we can change our attitude, I absolutely believe that we can also make a difference. Furthermore, what we have to bear in our mind is that, being a student is not just learning things in the class, but we also have to learn on how to manage our nature or our respective land or in other words our environment itself because we live in this world as a community and we are not alone. Thus, we should consider certain things to make sure that all the people can live in peace without being disturb by the others or by our attitude that can gives an impact to the society itself. In order to preserve and conserve the environment, we as a student should practice an environmental – friendly lifestyle. In this situation, if we practice this, we can avoid ourselves from doing things It is the responsibility of every person in checking the causes that affect the environmental disaster and play a positive role in improving it and these things have also got to be mentioned. One must realize the importance of a healthy environment and that it is for his/her own benefit to protect it and to take measures to make the world clean and green because as the proverb says â€Å"We won’t have a society if we destroy the environment†.

Explain How You Could Promote Inclusion

To answer this question one would have to first define the terms ‘inclusion, equality and diversity. According to Ann Gravells inclusivity is â€Å"involving all learners in relevant activities rather than excluding them for any reason either directly of indirectly† Gravells defines equality as â€Å" the rights of learners to attend and participate, regardless of their gender, race, ethnic origin, religion, disability, sexual orientation and age.And finally Gravells definition of diversity is â€Å"valuing the differences in people, whether that relates to gender, race, age, disability or any other individual characteristics they may have†. ( Gravells, A. , 2008, pg. 18). The Government defined inclusion in 2001 as â€Å"†¦ a process by which schools, local education authorities and others develop their cultures, policies and practices to include pupils†(http://www. csie. org. uk/).The essence of the definitions of all three terms is acceptance it im plies that the objective of teaching is to impart the knowledge and to assist the entire group in achieving their educational goals regardless of their background. As a teacher I must ensure that I do not allow anyone to feel marginalised or show favouritism and know that everyone is an individual with various abilities, needs, background and experiences and that all learners have the right to be treated with respect and dignity.Any barriers or boundaries to learning must be identified at the outset thereafter continuously monitored throughout the course for students to successfully and effectively participate in learning. The individuality and characteristics of each learner should also be identified and respected and if there is a cultural diversity in the group then the teacher should be culturally sensitive when delivering sessions. Adoption of such method can promote a sense of inclusion, equality and diversity at an individual level, which can translate to a more beneficial co llective learning practice throughout the course.Cultural and language differences; disabilities/age/medical issues, family commitments; lack of support, peer pressure, previous learning experience, travel issues, lack of confidence, emotional or psychological problems and learning difficulties, all these issues can potentially act as barriers to learning. (Gravells, 2008, pg. 16) As my subject will be Third World Development I could expect ‘some’ learners with extreme passion to issues of developing countries which can at times affect students’ morale and potentially result in dropping out or being very pessimistic – this could be a potential barrier.As a teacher I will have to deal with such cases by motivating those students and include them in all activities and discussion by telling them that they need to learn about causes and solutions to developing world’s problem so that they can become part of the solutions. Promotion of inclusion, equalit y and diversity can be achieved by the teacher first having the knowledge of the existence of potential barriers then identifying these barriers within the learning group thereafter finding ways towards overcoming them.Francis and Gould assert â€Å"It is important to recognise the differences in the learners we teach as these may influence how we interact with them. To act professionally as teachers we will want to ensure that we behave in ways acceptable to all our learners, taking into account factors such as race, gender, age, previous experience or background. † (Francis M and Gould J. , 2009, pg. 70) During the course enrolment forms, discussions, assessments and individual learning plans can ensure that no learner is disadvantaged or subjected to unfair discrimination on any grounds in relation to accessing appropriate learning methods and resources.Collecting this data also helps identify areas that may require referral to counselling, creche facilities, health advice or a basic skills tutor in order to overcome obstacles. Promoting inclusion by identifying variation in needs ensures that learners have equality throughout their learning experience. Data collection through assessment is valuable when analysed, acted upon and continuously monitored to ensure consistency in inclusion through equality. Advocating equality through more effective provision of resources according to individual need is essential to the learning experience.Planning and implementing various strategies throughout the course to support learners with various learning requirements such as VAK style or learners with dyslexia may benefit from having different colour and bigger fonts on the teacher’s projector screen can help tackle exclusion and inequality. If there is wheelchair users on the course the appropriate venue for teaching should be considered. For students that have a disability (such as being blind or deaf, etc. ) it may be useful for the student to have lea rning support whilst attending the classes.Carefully prepared resources can also help with inclusive learning e. g. handouts should be in a font size which is big enough for partially impaired vision learners. Any resources need to be in simple English (i. e. avoid unnecessary jargon). A good layout combining colours and pictures for easy reading. Using non-discriminating language, resources that echo the diversity of the group and that are adaptable to meet the needs of the learners can be a conscious, active and constant way of tackling exclusion.Use constant assessment methods to give equal opportunity to all the learners and at the end of the course give the learners the option to evaluate the course. In conclusion, processes of inclusion are wide-ranging, dynamic and varied. They consist of: ? forging relationships ? building community ? increasing participation Inclusion in education is concerned with breaking down barriers to learning and increasing participation for all stud ents, treating all learners on the basis of equality and non-discrimination. In educational and social settings of all kinds, working towards inclusion entails celebrating differences of: ? ulture ? ethnicity ? gender ? needs and abilities (http://www. csie. org. uk).Bibliography Gravells A. , Preparing to Teach in the Lifelong Learning Sector, 3rd Edition, 2008, Learning Matters Ltd. Francis M and Gould J. , Achieving Your PTTLS Award,: A Practical Guide to Learning in the Lifelong Learning Sector, 2009, Sage Publications Ltd. Reece R. Walker S. , Teaching Training and Learning: A Practical Guide, 3rd edition, 1997, Tyne and Wear Business Education Publisher Ltd. http://www. csie. org. uk/ Centre for Studies on Inclusive Education