Reward Management Theories

Prize Management Theories Prize administration has been portrayed as a key capacity in HRM frameworks in present day associations, and it is frequently intended to draw in, hold and persuade workers (Milkovich and Newman, 2004 refered to in Yu, ying and Angeles, 2011, pp 2). Due to the vital idea of human asset in the achievement of corporate objectives and authoritative seriousness (Wright and McMahan, 1992), numerous creators have talked about the subject of remuneration the executives from alternate points of view. A portion of these points of view center around isolating prize frameworks into two classifications; Extrinsic and natural prizes. Outward prize frameworks for the most part center around offering execution connected pay increments, fiscal prizes, long haul motivating force plans, group based prizes, and security advantages to workers (Laursen and Foss, 2003). These creators contend for the estimations of these sorts of remuneration in boosting the assurance of workers and improving their profit ability as a similar time. The consequence of this to the association is better primary concern execution through expanded income and productivity (Yu, Ying Yang and Angeles, 2011). Natural prizes are non-fiscal rewards and could come in type of advancing occupation obligation and strengthening (Oldham and Cummings, 1996), giving preparing assets and far reaching learning openings (Hennessey and Amabile, 1998), and keeping up great relational connections among representatives (Ruppel and Harrington, 2000). Yu, Ying and Angeles (2011) distinguish two prize administration viewpoints dependent on the above characterization and they call outward prize frameworks, utilitarianism and inborn prize frameworks, sentimentalism. As per these creators, these are the two exceptionally far from being obviously true speculations of remuneration the board in the HRM field. One of the essential suppositions fundamental the hypotheses of remuneration the executives is that the exhibition and inspiration of workers can be improv ed by building up a connection among endeavors and compensations through formalized and explicit individual targets (Fay and Thompson, 2001). Albeit numerous writers and essayists have built up that there are colossal advantages for associations in placing in a spot a successful prize administration framework, a few writers despite everything caution against over-dependence on remuneration frameworks due to its capability to make a few authoritative issues which center around reasonableness and decent variety (Beer and Cannon, 2004). Numerous different creators have basically analyzed the fundamental ways of thinking of remuneration the executives and the factors that make up a normal prize blend. Baeten (2008 refered to in Jonathan and Clare, 2011, pp 2) gives a more profound knowledge into this when they contend that there are 34 various potential hypotheses hidden a prize administration framework. Eisenhardt (1988 refered to in Jonathan and Clare, 2011, pp 3) anyway constrains reward the executives speculations to two in particular: The organization hypothesis and the institutional hypothesis. Office hypotheses of remun eration the board essentially try to adjust association and individual goals. The primary point is to utilize motivators to coordinate representatives towards the interests of the proprietors of the business, and to plan the prize blend to mirror that. Then again institutional prize administration hypothesis centers around the formal and casual weights applied on associations by different associations with which it is associated. A portion of these weights could come in type of work enactments, lawful prerequisites, charge arrangements, and a longing to embrace the approaches that others have received to pick up the security that congruity is seen to bring (DiMaggio and Powell , 1991). At last other known hypothesis of remuneration the board under the institutional grouping is regularizing pressure. This happens when individuals from an association all in all meet up to characterize the conditions and strategies for their works. 4 The structure of strategy and set of systems HP works in an exceptionally serious industry with a particular high staff turnover rates. Representatives are regularly impacted by serious prize approaches that add to the fulfillment of their self-improvement objectives and destinations. Kerr (1999) contends that prizes ought to be the third thing in an association; estimations ought to be second, and away from of the ideal results ought to be the first. In structuring a prize strategy for HP coming up next are the key goals to be achieved: 4.1 Policy proclamation HP will likely pull in and hold the most gifted workforce which are deliberately associated with the association's capacity to meet its vital objectives and goals. In light of this we try to offer a mix of the most serious and adaptable monetary compensations in the US versatile and PC industry to all units of representatives quickly they go along with us. We accept this is essential to the support of our current authority position in the business and we look to seek after this approach as resolutely as conceivable with all decency and value. 4.1.1 Procedures Point The focal point of this approach is to empower upgrade HP's capacity to enlist the most capable specialists in the US versatile and PC innovation industry which we consider as vital to the accomplishment of our corporate objectives and destinations. Extension This monetary prize approach will apply to all standard full time and normal low maintenance workers of HP quickly they join the organization. Standards The whole prize strategy of this organization will be based on an establishment of uniformity, responsibility to assorted variety, decency and a feeling of decision making ability The whole prize strategy will be worked as straightforwardly as could be expected under the circumstances and it will be made to agree to national administrative structures for representative commitment in the PC and portable innovation industry All classes of workers that contribute more by proportion of efficiency will be monetarily remunerated more. HP will not take any additional commitment of any representative for conceded. We accept that is urgent to satisfying our duty to correspondence and decency. Duties Job Responsibility Prizes group Guaranteeing that money related strategy reward exercises are solidly set up and observing that the basic standards of the prize are maintained HR Director and HR administration group Giving control activities in circumstances where the standards of the arrangement are not maintained Senior administration gathering Guaranteeing the best possible arrangement of HP's corporate procedure and the prize approach 4.2 Correspondence to significant national enactment The US branch of work has set up guidelines with respect to employees㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ pay rates and wages set up. One of such guidelines is the reasonable work standard Act of 1938 which is regulated by the wages and hour division. This Act sets up principles for least wages, additional time, pay and record keeping. These gauges influence more than 130 million full time and low maintenance workers at both private and open segments of the US economy. This demonstration advances reasonableness, equity and value and engages workers to start a claim against any business who abuses any of the standards and strategies of the Act. This new strategy altogether conforms to the gauges set out in the US division of work Act of 1938 in all decency and value. The strategy is additionally straightforward enough to give workers the self-rule to found claims against HP if the companys strategy is seen to be opposing to national enactments. 4.3 International ramifications The ILO (International Labor Organization) is the body responsible for regulating work gauges and the association by and by includes 183 countries all around the globe. The ILO has embraced 188 shows which are arrangements making worldwide work law gauges. The US has just clung to two of these work law guidelines which are the show on the abrogation of constrained work and the show on the most noticeably terrible type of kid work. The US has opposed the appropriation of different pieces of the show including those that control compensation and prizes to workers from a global viewpoint. Remuneration and awards at both official and representative level have not been completely evolved in accordance with ILO gauges. The US asserts that its approaches have been grown inside and seriously and don't should be changed in accordance with reflect universal measures. As serious as the current prize strategy in HP may be, it is as yet critical to receive a universal view in its execution. Source:http://www.iclg.co.uk/khadmin/Publications/pdf/4390.pdf-got to on 30-04-2011 5 Evaluation of strategy and strategies 5.1 Reward assessment lattice Armstrong, Brown and Reilly (2009) endorse six measurements for assessing the achievement of any prize administration strategy. Considering this the methods for assessing the viability of HP's prize approach are set out beneath. Prize Aspect Estimated By Prize methodology Clear prize methodology and yearly arrangement on the side of business system and plan Profitability and prize expenses Benefit, esteem included or deals per representative All out compensation and prize expenses contrasted and rivalry in the US PC industry Money related prize Money related acknowledgment for practices in accordance with methodology and qualities Fitting types of remunerating execution and commitment set up Extent of staffs secured by strategies for compensating execution and commitment Hazard evaluation of reward plan structure Away from of profit for expenses of reward Work Proportion of propositions for employment to acknowledgments Staff automatic turnover to abdication rates and maintenance of elite to key aptitude staff Staff turnover and nonattendance levels Prize administration general Genuine market position contrasted with wanted Equivalent compensation audits did and followed up on Amount, quality and recurrence of remuneration correspondence Commitment and fulfillment with remunerations Reviewed by and large worker commitment levels Representative by and large fulfillment with p

Who are the Amish essays

Who are the Amish expositions On the off chance that you are intrigued the qualities and way of life of the nineteenth century, here is an extraordinary model: The Amish, is a gathering of strict individuals who live in settlements in 22 states and (Ontario), Canada. The underlying foundations of the Amish originate from Mennonite people group, a some portion of early Anabaptist Movement in Europe, which occurred at the hour of the Reformation. At that time, this development were viewed as blasphemous and the individuals from the development persecuted and individuals were merciless put to death by the two Catholics and Protestants. Thus, of this persecution from bigger strict gatherings and having an alternate point of view as far as translations of Christianity, the Amish fled to the provincial regions and secluded themselves from the others. This detachment from the others can be the most intelligent response to why the Amish have demanded being not quite the same as the contemporary world. The Amish keep underscoring the fundamental qualities of the nineteenth century. Their differentiations from different minorities in America are their unique convictions, network structure and their shortsighted Until 1972 the Amish had to finish secondary school, so, all in all the incomparable court toppled this decision to permit them to suspend after grade school. Their absence of confidence in the American educational system was caused them to need to pull back their youngsters from school. They expected that U.S. high school would ruin the kids' quiet, straightforward propensities and drive them into wrongdoing and brutality. Rather than open secondary school they have their own schools, set up with educators from Amish foundations. In the expressions of specialist John Andrew Hosstetler, The Amish school has commonly been fruitful in getting ready youngsters to be completely forthright, dedicated and upright grown-ups, fit for acquiring a living, raising Christian family, and adding to the Amish people group. (29). Most Amish schools today have one room a... <!

Introducing MindMeister Groups - Focus

Introducing MindMeister Groups - Focus Please note: this article was last updated in 2013. For the latest information on MindMeister updates, please visit our blog homepage at focus.meisterlabs.com Were delighted to be announcing the release of a new feature in MindMeister today: MindMeister Groups.  This feature has been specially  requested by our users who are working in organizations, particularly teachers and project managers. Teachers using MindMeister have been looking for a simple way to share mind maps with their different classes and age groups e.g. 7th-grade English class or 9th-grade Biology class. In addition to this, a number of project managers and department leaders, using MindMeister in their companies, have been talking for  some time  about the need to quickly manage access to multiple mind maps for different teams and projects. Multiple groups can be created for every need, e.g. the marketing department, the 5th-grade class etc. Simply drag and drop users from your contact list into your members area. Once the groups have been formed its really easy to select which maps will be shared with that group. Accessing selected mind maps is also extremely simple. Instead of having to add people to each individual map, the group owner can just add or remove people from the group. This speeds up the entire process significantly. This feature is available to all subscribers of our Business and Edu Campus editions. Introducing MindMeister Groups - Focus Please note: this article was last updated in 2013. For the latest information on MindMeister updates, please visit our blog homepage at focus.meisterlabs.com Were delighted to be announcing the release of a new feature in MindMeister today: MindMeister Groups.  This feature has been specially  requested by our users who are working in organizations, particularly teachers and project managers. Teachers using MindMeister have been looking for a simple way to share mind maps with their different classes and age groups e.g. 7th-grade English class or 9th-grade Biology class. In addition to this, a number of project managers and department leaders, using MindMeister in their companies, have been talking for  some time  about the need to quickly manage access to multiple mind maps for different teams and projects. Multiple groups can be created for every need, e.g. the marketing department, the 5th-grade class etc. Simply drag and drop users from your contact list into your members area. Once the groups have been formed its really easy to select which maps will be shared with that group. Accessing selected mind maps is also extremely simple. Instead of having to add people to each individual map, the group owner can just add or remove people from the group. This speeds up the entire process significantly. This feature is available to all subscribers of our Business and Edu Campus editions.

Essay on Immigration Issues Between UU And Mexico

Unauthorized immigration has been a major political issue at least for the past 30 years, and is one of the most difficult to resolve. The problem relates to both economic and business realities of the U.S. and Mexico. There may be anywhere between 4 to 12 million undocumented immigrants living in the United States. For undocumented immigrants from Mexico, population experts have discovered that there is a constant flow of both immigrants into the US and leaving the US . This is the primary reason why the exact number remains unknown. Mexicans make up the single largest group of undocumented workers. Many cross illegally into the United States each year looking for work. Experts suggest that many of these workers acquire low-paying jobs†¦show more content†¦Many poor Mexicans learn that they have a much better chance of crossing the border with a guide as opposed to trying on their own. The U.S. border patrol is responsible for stopping unauthorized immigration across the 1,952-mile U.S.-Mexico border. Thousands of immigrants are detained and transported back across the border. However, most of them simply try to cross over again after a few days. Undocumented Mexicans come to the US to work and make money. Studies have shown that they pay more in payroll taxes and local taxes than the cost of public services that they require, i.e. public schools and hospitals. Despite this, many state politicians have demanded that the federal government compensate the state and local governments for these services. Many employers hire undocumented workers so they can pay them low wages. But often times these employers exploit workers and know that they will not report the company for fear of being turned in to the immigration service. The Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 made it illegal for employers to hire undocumented workers. However, because the immigration service permits many different documents to be accepted as proof of work eligibility, the law has not have had much effect. Fradulent documentation can be purchased for as low as $20. The biggest worry Americans have is they believe the undocumented workers take away jobs from American workers. However, many of these jobs are thoseShow MoreRelatedEssay on Latin American Immigration and the U.S. Immagration Policy2091 Words   |  9 PagesImmigration has always been a contentious issue in the United States. Benjamin Franklin thought that the influx in German immigration would flush out the predominately British culture in America at the time. (5) Furthermore, a continual wave of foreign cultures began pouring into the American metropolitan areas at the turn of the 20th century. The migration of Italians, Poles, and Jews across the Atlantic Ocean began a mass assimilation of cultural ideology and customs into the United States,

Comparing the French Revolution and the American...

The French and American revolutions are both very significant in the world’s history. The American Revolution happened first, around the last half of the 18th century where the Thirteen Colonies became the United States of America, and gained independence from the British Empire. The French revolution on the other hand, was from 1789 until the turn of the century 1799. For the French people this was a period of political and social turmoil. The idea of Enlightenment stuck a large population of the French people and led to many changes in society. These two individual revolutions have many comparisons and although they are not identical they become intertwined with separate philosophies on politics and economic expansion.†¦show more content†¦They wanted to create a democracy. The French revolution became more about human rights. The bourgeoisie who were considered capitalist people realized they had little to no rights. They acquired large sums of money but with this led to more taxation from the king. They French government was so far into debt from wars the king kept raising the taxes on these people. The bourgeoisie wondered how they just helped America with freedom and now they have to find a way to achieve their own success. An interesting fact is that both countries, America and France, fought their wars on their homeland. The Americans faced a small amount of British troops established in the colonies already, and they also had the Redcoats crossing and ocean from Great Britain. This gave the Americans an advantage that the French did not have. The Americans were blessed with more time to organize and more time for warning. The French did not have this advantage because they were fighting their own government on their own soil. Another significant part of each war is that the Americans did not have any neighbors whereas the French had to worry about invasion from other countries in their time of weakness. The best advantage the Americans had was the fact that the British Empire was the most hated country of the time. Many countries sent aid to America especially the French. The French paid for a large sumShow MoreRelatedComparing the American and French Revolutions1488 Words   |  6 PagesStates and French right before times of revolution. It therefore, compares and contrasts the French and America revolution and looked into the similarities of some f the events just right before the revolution took place. In conclusion, we look at the perception of the people on the methods used by both countries to push for revolution. Introduction Similarities Both French and America had various similarities and differences in histories of events which resulted to their revolution. The AmericaRead MoreEssay on Comparing The French Revolution and The American Revolution1339 Words   |  6 PagesA revolution, by definition, is the overthrow of one government followed by replacement with another. The American Revolution against the British during 1775 to 1783 and the French Revolution pitting the French people against their own government during 1789 to 1799 were both very important political and social turnovers. This movement towards the establishment of a constitutional government influenced political thought throughout the world. By closely examining three of the main causes of theseRead MoreComparing and Contrasting the American and French Revolutions805 Words   |  4 PagesThe American Revolution began for two reasons: political and economic, while the French Revolution began with domination and mismanagement that contributed to the French society. During the Revolution many events occurred having a major effect, such as the sugar act, currency act, and the Townshend act. The French began the Tennis Court Oath, the Storming of the Bastille, and the overthrown of Monarchy. The French Revolution followed in suit with the American Revolution, because the French were inRead MoreComparing the American and French Revolutions Essay1859 Words   |  8 PagesThe American and the French revolutions had many similarities and differences. One similarity being is that they both wanted to escape the rule of their King. Second, they both started by an uprising of people against unfair taxation by the monarchy. The French peasants were not represented by the Parliament. It was mainly composed of middle and upper class people. Now, the American colonists were not represented in England because of their lack of presence. Both wanted to set up a Republic, whichRead MoreComparing The American Revolutionary War and The French Revo lution894 Words   |  4 Pagesby anyone else, but themselves. Both France and the American colonies were becoming secular, though France probably more so. Religious tolerance was a major issue for both countries. Many of the colonists who had fled to America did so because they were being persecuted. The Pilgrims, who settled the Plymouth colony, came to what is now known as the United States because they wanted to escape religious intolerance. The Huguenots, who were French Protestants, fled to the colonies as well since theyRead MoreComparing Edmund Burke And Mary Wollstonecrafts Thoughts On The French Revolution1245 Words   |  5 PagesWollstonecraft Comparing Edmund Burke and Mary Wollstonecraft’s Thoughts On The French Revolution Many would think that prominent Romantics would not care about politics or government. However, when the French Revolution started in 1789 many Romantics, such as William Wordsworth, Edmund Burke, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, and Mary Wollstonecraft, took strong stances on both sides of the Revolution. William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge eventually sided with Edmund Burke on the French Revolution. AlthoughRead MoreThe French Revolution Occurred During The Time Periods1414 Words   |  6 PagesThe French Revolution occurred during the time periods 1787 to 1799 which shook France. Its climax reached in 1789 when the ancien regime ended in France. The French Revolution was the most violent and by far the most universally significant revolution compared to the rest. The initial cause of the revolution was the social structure of the West. One social structure that was based on the holding of all land by fees that resulted in the relation of the king to vassal was called the feudal s ystemRead MoreHistory And History Of Haiti810 Words   |  4 Pageswhere Haiti was ignored and downplayed as an important event of the Age of Revolutions. It has the uncomfortable feature of the abolition of slavery in a constitution by non-Europeans which needs to be united with the period it not only influenced but was influenced. The historiography of Haiti with respect to the Atlantic Revolutions has been one of a gradual acceptance with a few exceptions. In the United, the Haitian Revolution posed a problem for not only the slave owner but the government. PresidentRead MoreThe French Revolution And The Revolution1221 Words   |  5 PagesWhen people think of the French Revolution, they immediately think of the country of France and how the Revolution affected it. What most people do not think about however, is how the Revolution affected other countries, specifically the country of England. England was affected positively and negatively by the Revolution in that there was an increase of political involvement, but there was a collapse in the economy due to war declared by France. The French Revolution created a battle of conflictingRead MoreRole of Ideas in the French and Russian Revolutions1432 Words   |  6 PagesCount: 1511 How important was the role of ideas in the outbreak of revolution? When comparing the French Revolution of 1789 and Russian October Revolution of 1917, a series of parallels become evident. Both revolutionary groups became determined with an extensive emergence of new ideas, which captured a strong majority of the respective populations. The importance of the ideas was critical to maintaining a drive for the revolutions considering they acted as a manifestation of what the public and the

Julian Assange; Hero or Villain Free Essays

Julian Assange Hero or Villain? The question of whether WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange, whose organization can be credited with releasing thousands of classified documents from various countries, is a hero or a villain depends entirely on one’s political opinions. Those who believe in transparent government and freedom of speech/publishing would call Assange a hero. Those who believe governments must have some secrecy from citizens would call him a villain. We will write a custom essay sample on Julian Assange; Hero or Villain? or any similar topic only for you Order Now As a believer in the ideals America was founded on it is clear that Assange’s actions are heroic. He is fighting to keep the average citizen informed of any corruption within their government, fighting for the mainstream press to stop supporting the government’s views on everything, fighting to introduce the power of technology into a political system that has become outdated and corrupt. The United States is looked on as the ideal example of democracy. People have freedom of speech, elect the officials who represent them and the government works to benefit the everyday person. Right? Wrong. How can we try and set up a new government where the people are actively involved in countries such as Iraq when the average American doesn’t know anything about what’s going on in our own government. Julian Assange’s organization revealed 1,500 civilian deaths in Iraq previously unreported to the American public. (4) Our relatives are fighting for their country and we’re told that civilian casualties are going down when in fact there are 1,500 previously unreported deaths, there’s something wrong with that picture. Outside of the U. S. WikiLeaks has made an impact in Tunisia when they published remarks made by Ambassador Robert Godec stating that the government’s inner circles were corrupt. The leaks added with the already tumultuous anger at the government pushed Tunisians over the edge, and they overthrew the corrupt government. (1) Those who believe Assange to be a villain site his â€Å"vendetta† against the U. S. as the primary reason for distrust and hatred, but the publication of Robert Godec’s statements helped the U. S. gain power in the Middle East and succeed in their, â€Å"efforts to work with other countries to solve shared problems†. Hillary Clinton) The leaks posted on WikiLeaks aided the U. S. more so than it harmed them, making Julian Assange a hero, not a villain. If Julian Assange’s crusade isn’t against the United States, then what is he fighting for? How about for the mainstream press to report more than one side of the story? The mainstream press refu ses to even acknowledge Assange as a legitimate journalist and publisher; in fact the freedom of the press committee of the Overseas Press Club of America in New York City declared Assange â€Å"not one of us†. 2) This seems odd when the duty of the press has always been to inform the people, which Assange is doing, albeit in an unconventional way. Take for example the war in Afghanistan, without WikiLeaks the public is subjected to claims that the Taliban is losing — and that al Qaeda has been severely weakened and yet we’re told that our country will have to stick it out until 2015, rather contradictory! Organizations such as WikiLeaks force the traditional press to acknowledge inconsistencies in Washington’s story. Although they do continue to try and control the narrative so that it does not radically digress from the official Washington storyline. Without the pressure put on by Julian Assange freedom of press would be declining, making him a hero, At least once a century governments encounter radical change. In the 1700’s it was the American Revolution, in the 1800’s it was the French Revolution, in the 1900’s it was the Russian (Bolshevik) Revolution. What will the revolution of the 2000’s be? Governments have already been de-stabilized in Tunisia, Egypt, Libya and Yemen. Who says that the protests won’t continue over to the United States? Protests in other countries happened because the systems were outdated and corruption was suspected. This is certainly true in the U. S. , where the government’s inefficiency is being blamed on outdated technology. Peter Orszag, the director of the Office of Management and Budget admitted that the gap between the public and private sectors results in â€Å"billions of dollars in waste, slow and inadequate customer service and a lack of transparency about how dollars are spent,† this â€Å"lack of transparency† is exactly what Assange is fighting against. (3) WikiLeaks forces the United States government to think about the extreme secrecy it operates under and whether this is the best for its citizens. Without Assange the â€Å"lack of transparency† would only grow, making him a hero. Julian Assange has been called many names; traitor, anarchist and even a high-tech terrorist, but the proper name for him is hero. WikiLeaks is an organization that truly works for the people. Keeping people informed with the inner workings of government, putting pressure on the press to acknowledge the truth and forcing change within government. WikiLeaks is driving journalism into the future and Assange is the driver. Sources: 1) Jackson, William E. , Jr. â€Å"A Liberated Press and WikiLeaks: Bulwarks Against Claims of ‘Victory’ in Afghanistan . † The Huffington Post. N. p. , 2 Feb. 2011. Web. 2 Mar. 2011. . 2) Zapata, Xavier. â€Å"Is Julian Assange a hero or a villain? † World Have Your Say Blog. BBC, 7 Dec. 2010. Web. 2 Mar. 2011. http://www. bbc. co. uk/blogs/worldhaveyoursay/2010/12/is_julian_assange_a_hero_or_vi. html 3) Swanson, Ian. â€Å"Budget director blames old computers for ineffective government. † The Hill. Capital Hill Publishing Co. , 14 Jan. 2010. Web. 6 Mar. 2011. . 4) Assange, Julian. â€Å"Julian Assange; The Man Behind WikiLeaks. † Interview by Steve Kroft. 60 Minutes. CBS News. 30 Jan. 2011. CBS News. Web. 6 Mar. 2011. . How to cite Julian Assange; Hero or Villain?, Papers

Julian Assange; Hero or Villain Free Essays

Julian Assange Hero or Villain? The question of whether WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange, whose organization can be credited with releasing thousands of classified documents from various countries, is a hero or a villain depends entirely on one’s political opinions. Those who believe in transparent government and freedom of speech/publishing would call Assange a hero. Those who believe governments must have some secrecy from citizens would call him a villain. We will write a custom essay sample on Julian Assange; Hero or Villain? or any similar topic only for you Order Now As a believer in the ideals America was founded on it is clear that Assange’s actions are heroic. He is fighting to keep the average citizen informed of any corruption within their government, fighting for the mainstream press to stop supporting the government’s views on everything, fighting to introduce the power of technology into a political system that has become outdated and corrupt. The United States is looked on as the ideal example of democracy. People have freedom of speech, elect the officials who represent them and the government works to benefit the everyday person. Right? Wrong. How can we try and set up a new government where the people are actively involved in countries such as Iraq when the average American doesn’t know anything about what’s going on in our own government. Julian Assange’s organization revealed 1,500 civilian deaths in Iraq previously unreported to the American public. (4) Our relatives are fighting for their country and we’re told that civilian casualties are going down when in fact there are 1,500 previously unreported deaths, there’s something wrong with that picture. Outside of the U. S. WikiLeaks has made an impact in Tunisia when they published remarks made by Ambassador Robert Godec stating that the government’s inner circles were corrupt. The leaks added with the already tumultuous anger at the government pushed Tunisians over the edge, and they overthrew the corrupt government. (1) Those who believe Assange to be a villain site his â€Å"vendetta† against the U. S. as the primary reason for distrust and hatred, but the publication of Robert Godec’s statements helped the U. S. gain power in the Middle East and succeed in their, â€Å"efforts to work with other countries to solve shared problems†. Hillary Clinton) The leaks posted on WikiLeaks aided the U. S. more so than it harmed them, making Julian Assange a hero, not a villain. If Julian Assange’s crusade isn’t against the United States, then what is he fighting for? How about for the mainstream press to report more than one side of the story? The mainstream press refu ses to even acknowledge Assange as a legitimate journalist and publisher; in fact the freedom of the press committee of the Overseas Press Club of America in New York City declared Assange â€Å"not one of us†. 2) This seems odd when the duty of the press has always been to inform the people, which Assange is doing, albeit in an unconventional way. Take for example the war in Afghanistan, without WikiLeaks the public is subjected to claims that the Taliban is losing — and that al Qaeda has been severely weakened and yet we’re told that our country will have to stick it out until 2015, rather contradictory! Organizations such as WikiLeaks force the traditional press to acknowledge inconsistencies in Washington’s story. Although they do continue to try and control the narrative so that it does not radically digress from the official Washington storyline. Without the pressure put on by Julian Assange freedom of press would be declining, making him a hero, At least once a century governments encounter radical change. In the 1700’s it was the American Revolution, in the 1800’s it was the French Revolution, in the 1900’s it was the Russian (Bolshevik) Revolution. What will the revolution of the 2000’s be? Governments have already been de-stabilized in Tunisia, Egypt, Libya and Yemen. Who says that the protests won’t continue over to the United States? Protests in other countries happened because the systems were outdated and corruption was suspected. This is certainly true in the U. S. , where the government’s inefficiency is being blamed on outdated technology. Peter Orszag, the director of the Office of Management and Budget admitted that the gap between the public and private sectors results in â€Å"billions of dollars in waste, slow and inadequate customer service and a lack of transparency about how dollars are spent,† this â€Å"lack of transparency† is exactly what Assange is fighting against. (3) WikiLeaks forces the United States government to think about the extreme secrecy it operates under and whether this is the best for its citizens. Without Assange the â€Å"lack of transparency† would only grow, making him a hero. Julian Assange has been called many names; traitor, anarchist and even a high-tech terrorist, but the proper name for him is hero. WikiLeaks is an organization that truly works for the people. Keeping people informed with the inner workings of government, putting pressure on the press to acknowledge the truth and forcing change within government. WikiLeaks is driving journalism into the future and Assange is the driver. Sources: 1) Jackson, William E. , Jr. â€Å"A Liberated Press and WikiLeaks: Bulwarks Against Claims of ‘Victory’ in Afghanistan . † The Huffington Post. N. p. , 2 Feb. 2011. Web. 2 Mar. 2011. . 2) Zapata, Xavier. â€Å"Is Julian Assange a hero or a villain? † World Have Your Say Blog. BBC, 7 Dec. 2010. Web. 2 Mar. 2011. http://www. bbc. co. uk/blogs/worldhaveyoursay/2010/12/is_julian_assange_a_hero_or_vi. html 3) Swanson, Ian. â€Å"Budget director blames old computers for ineffective government. † The Hill. Capital Hill Publishing Co. , 14 Jan. 2010. Web. 6 Mar. 2011. . 4) Assange, Julian. â€Å"Julian Assange; The Man Behind WikiLeaks. † Interview by Steve Kroft. 60 Minutes. CBS News. 30 Jan. 2011. CBS News. Web. 6 Mar. 2011. . How to cite Julian Assange; Hero or Villain?, Papers

Consumer Related Reference Group Essay Sample free essay sample

Group:A group may be defined as two or more people who interact to carry through either person or common ends. It types are as follows:1 ) Intimate Group: Two or more individuals who do any undertaking or work together whether they are interested or non. 2 ) Formal Group: A group of big no. of people who are larning or executing a same undertaking because of their ain involvement. 3 ) Nonreversible Group: It is a type of group in which an single consumer observes the visual aspect or actions of others. who unwittingly serve as consumption-related function theoretical accounts. 4 ) Membership Group: It is a type of group which is classified by a rank position. It is a group to which a individual either belongs or would measure up for rank. 5 ) Symbolic Group: It is type of group in which an person is non likely to have rank. despite moving like a member by following the group’s values. We will write a custom essay sample on Consumer Related Reference Group Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page attitudes. and behaviour. UNDERSTANDING THE POWER OF REFERENCE GROUPS:? REFERENCE GROUPS: A mention group is any individual or group that serves as a point of comparing ( or mention ) for an person in organizing either general or specific values. attitudes. or a specific usher for behaviour. It provides a valuable position for understanding the impact of other people on an individual’s ingestion beliefs. attitudes. and behaviour. It besides provides penetration into the methods sellers sometimes use to consequence desired alterations in consumer behaviour. ? Marketers’ Position:Mention groups are groups that serve as frames ( If mention for persons in their purchase or ingestion determinations. The utility of this construct is enhanced by the fact that it places no limitations on group size or rank. nor does it necessitate that consumers identify with a touchable group ( i. e. . the group can be symbolic such as proprietors of successful little concerns. taking corporate main executive officers. stone stars. or golf famous persons ) . ? NORMATIVE REFERENCE GROUPS:Mention groups that influence general or loosely defined values or behaviours are called normative mention groups. For illustration. a child’s mention group is his household which plays a critical function in casting of child’s consumer behaviours and values. ( Such as Food. Dress and Shop ) . Normative Mention groups influence the development of basic codification of behaviour. ? COMPARITIVE REFERENCE GROUP:Mention groups that serve as benchmarks for particular or narrowly defined attitudes or behaviour are called comparative mention groups. A comparative mention group might be a adjacent household whose lifestyle appears to be admirable and worthy of imitation ( the manner they maintain their place. their pick of place trappingss and autos. their gustatory sensation in vesture. or the figure and types of holidaies they take ) . Comparative mention groups. act upon the look of specific consumer attitudes and behaviour. It is likely that the specific influences of comparative mention groups to some step depend on the basic values and behaviour forms established early in a person’s development by normative mention groups. ? DIRECT REFERENCE GROUPS:It is a group with whom a individual interacted on a direct footing ( such as household and close friends ) . It is a group which influence or mention a individual on direct one-to-one footing. So. the credibleness of that group could be higher than other group. ? INDIRECT REFERENCE GROUP:Indirect mention groups consist of those persons or groups with whom a individual does non hold direct face-to-face contact. such as film stars. athleticss heroes. political leaders. Television personalities. or even good -dressed and interesting-looking people on the street. Referents:Referents a individual might utilize in measuring his or her ain general or specific attitudes or behavior vary from one person to several household members. to a broader affinity or from a voluntary association to a societal category. a profession. an cultural group. a community. an age class or even a state or civilization. Factors THAT AFFECT REFERENCE GROUP INFLUENCE:The grade of influence that a mention group exerts on an individual’s behaviour normally depends on the nature of the person and the merchandise and on specific societal factors. ? Information and Experience:An person who has firsthand experience with a merchandise or service. or can easy obtain full Information about it. is less likely to be influenced by the advice or illustration of others. On the other manus. a individual who has little or no experience with a merchandise or service and does non anticipate to hold entree to objective information about it ( e. g. . a individual who believes that advertisement may be misdirecting or delusory ) is more likely to seek out the advice or illustration of others. ? Credibility. Attractiveness. and Power of the Reference Group: A mention group that is perceived as believable. attractive. or powerful can bring on consumer attitude and behavior alteration. For illustration. when consumers are concerned with obtaining accurate information about the public presentation or quality of a merchandise or service. they are likely to be persuaded by those whom they consider trusty and knowing. That is. they are more likely to be persuaded by beginnings with high credibleness. When consumers are chiefly concerned with the credence or blessing of others they like. with whom they identify. or who offer them position or other benefits. they are likely to follow their merchandise. trade name. or other behavioural features. When consumers are chiefly concerned with the power that a individual or group can exercise over them. they might take merchandises or services that conform to the norms of that individual or group in order to avoid ridicule or penalty. ? Conspicuousness of the Merchandise:The possible influence of a mention group on a purchase determination varies harmonizing to how visually or verbally conspicuous the merchandise is to others. A visually conspicuous merchandise is one that wills standout and is noticed ( such as. a luxury point or novelty merchandise ) ; a verbally conspicuous merchandise may be extremely interesting. or it possibly easy described to others. Merchandises that are particularly conspicuous and position disclosure are most likely to be purchased with an oculus to the reactions of relevant others. ? Reference Groups and Consumer Conformity:Sellers may hold divergent ends with respect to consumer conformance. Some sellers. particularly market leaders. are interested in the ability of mention groups to alter consumer attitudes and behaviour by promoting conformance. To be capable of such influence. a mention group must carry through the followers: 1. Inform or do the single aware of a specific merchandise or trade name. 2. Supply the person with the chance to compare his or her ain thought with the attitudes and behaviour of the group. 3. Influence the person to follow attitudes and behaviour that are consistent with the norms of the group. 4. Legalize the determination to utilize the same merchandises as the group. Marketers. who are responsible for a new trade name or a trade name that is non tj1emarket leader. may wish to elect a scheme that asks consumers to strike out and be different and non merely follow the crowd when doing a purchase determination. Positive Influences on Conformity:Group Features:†¢ Attractiveness†¢ Expertness†¢ Credibility†¢ Past Success†¢ Clarity of Group GoalsPersonal Features:†¢ Tendency to Conform†¢ Need for Affiliation†¢ Need to be Liked†¢ Desire for Control†¢ Fear of Negative Evaluation Factors Encouraging Conformity:†¢ Inform or do the single aware of a specific merchandise or trade name. †¢ Supply the person with the chance to compare his or her ain thought with the attitudes and behaviour of the group. †¢ Influence the person to follow attitudes and behaviour that are consistent with the norms of the group. †¢ Legalize the determination to utilize the same merchandises as the group. SELECTED CONSUMER RELATED REFERENCE GROUPS:Consumers are potentially influenced by a diverse scope of people that they come in contact with or detect. The household is perchance the most compelling mention group for consumer behaviour. The five types of groups that influence consumer attitudes and behaviour are as follows: 1. Friendship Group:Friendship groups are typically classified as informal groups because they are normally unstructured and deficiency specific authorization degrees. In footings of comparative influence. after an individual’s household. his of her friends are most likely to act upon the individual’s purchase determinations. Friends fulfill a broad scope of demands: They provide company. security. and chances to discourse jobs that an person may be loath to discourse with household members. Friendships are besides a mark of adulthood and independency. for they represent a interrupting off from the household and the forming of societal ties with the outside universe. 2. Shoping Group:Two or more people who shop together. whether for nutrient. for vesture. or merely to go through the clip can be called a shopping group. Such groups are frequently outgrowths of household or friendly relationship groups nod. therefore. they function as privation has been referred to as purchase buddies. The motives for shopping with a purchase pal scope from a chiefly societal motivation to assisting cut down the hazard when doing an of import determination. In cases where none of the members of the shopping group knows. much about the merchandise under consideration a shopping group may organize for defensive grounds ; members may experience more confident with a corporate determination. 3. Work Groups:The. sheer sum of clip that people spend at their occupations. often more than 35 hours per hebdomad. provides ample chance for work groups to function as a major influence on the ingestion behaviour of members. Both the formal work group and the informal friendly relationship work group can act upon consumer behaviour. Formal Group:The formal work group consists of persons who work together as portion of a squad and. therefore. hold a sustained chance to act upon each other’s ingestion related attitudes and actions. Informal Group:Informal friendly relationship work groups consist of people who have become friends as a consequence of working for the same house. whether or non they work together as a squad. 4. Virtual Groups or Communities:This group or community is a community of globalisation in which people are adhering through societal relationships alternatively of geographical relationships. These communities provide their members an entree to extended sums promotional. family and societal interaction covering an highly broad scope of subjects and issues. Virtual communalities provides all chance for a seller to turn to consumers with a peculiar common involvements can be one of the primary pleasures a consumer has online. and besides have the ability to heighten the ingestion experience. 5. Brand Communities:There is a definite feeling among sellers that if you want to construct up trueness to your trade name. your merchandise has to hold an active societal life. A trade name community is a specialised. non-geographically bound community. based on a structured societal relationships among admires of a trade name ; it is marked by a shared consciousness. rites and traditions. and a sense of moral duty. The trade name community is. hence. â€Å"customer centric† it is the client experience that provides significance to the trade name community instead than the trade name itself. CONSUMER ACTION GROUPS:A peculiar sort of consumer group-a consumer-action group-has emerged in response to the consumerist motion. Groups that are dedicated to supplying consumers with aid in their attempt to do the right purchase determinations. consume merchandises and services in a healthy and responsible mode. and to by and large add to the overall quality of their lives. Consumer-action groups can be divided into two wide classs: ( 1 ) Those that organize to rectify a specific consumer maltreatment and so disband and ( 2 ) Those that. form to turn to broader. more permeant job countries and operate over an drawn-out or indefinite period of clip. The overruling aim of many consumer-action groups is to convey sufficient force per unit area to bear on selected members of the concern community to do them rectify perceived consumer maltreatments. CELEBRITY AND OTHER REFERENCE GROUP APPEALS:Entreaties by famous persons and other similar mention groups are used really efficaciously by advertizers to pass on with their markets. Celebrities can be a powerful force in making involvement or actions with respect to buying or utilizing selected goods and services. This designation may be based on esteem on aspiration. on empathy. or on acknowledgment. Five major types of mention group entreaties in common selling use are: 1. Celebrity Entreaties:To their loyal followings and to much of the general populace. famous persons represent an idealisation of life that most people imagine that they would love to populate. Advertisers spend tremendous amounts of money to hold famous persons promote their merchandises. with the outlook that the reading or sing audience will respond positively to the celebrity’s association with their merchandises ; famous person subscribers or celebrated people hold the viewer’s attending. A house that decides to use a famous person to advance its merchandise or service has the pick of utilizing the famous person to give a testimony or an indorsement as an histrion in commercials a company’s interpreter. Consumer Credibility:The audience’s perceptual experience of both the celebrity’s expertness ( how much the famous person knows about the merchandise country ) and trustiness ( how honest the famous person is about what he or she says about the merchandise ) . When a famous person endorses merely one merchandise. consumers are likely to comprehend the merchandise in a extremely favourable visible radiation and bespeak a greater purpose to buy it. In contrast. when a famous person endorses a assortment of merchandises. his or her sensed credibleness is. reduced because of the evident economic motive underlying the celebrity’s attempts. Types of Celebrity Entreaties: 2. The Expert:It is a individual who. because of his or her business. particular preparation. or experience. is in a alone place to assist the prospective consumer measure the merchandise or service that the Advertisement promotes. For illustration. an advertizement for a quality frying pan may have the indorsement of a chef ; an ad for angling tackle may incorporate the indorsement of a professional fishing usher. 3. The Common Man:A mention group entreaty that uses the testimonies of satisfied clients is known as the common-man attack. The advantage of the common-man entreaty is that it demonstrates to prospective clients that person merely like them utilizations and is satisfied with the merchandise or service being advertised. The common-man entreaty is particularly effectual in public wellness proclamations ( such as antismoking or high blood force per unit area messages ) . for most people seem to place with people like themselves when it comes to such messages. 4. The Executive or Employees Spokesperson:During the past two decennaries. an increasing figure of houses have used their top executives as interpreters in consumer ads. The popularity of this type of advertisement likely is due to the success and promotion received by a figure of executive interpreters. Like famous person interpreters. executive interpreters seem to be admired by the general population because of their accomplishments and the position implicitly conferred on concern leaders. The visual aspect of a company’s head executive in its advertisement seems to connote that person at the top is watching over the consumers’ best involvements. and it encourages Consumers to hold more assurance in the firm’s merchandises or services. 5. Trade or Spokes Character:Trade or spokes-characters every bit good as familiar sketch characters serve as quasi-celebrity subscribers. These trade spokes-characters present an ideal. idealized and dispense information that can be really of import for the merchandise or service that they â€Å"work for† . With few exclusions. trade characters serve as sole radiuss individuals for a peculiar merchandise or service. They sometimes provide a sort of personality for the merchandise or service and. do the merchandise look friendlier. 6. Other Reference Group Entreaties:A assortment of other promotional schemes can work as a frame of mention for consumers. Respected retail merchants and the column content of particular involvement magazines can besides work as frames of mention that influence consumer attitudes and behaviour. THE FAMILY IS A CONCEPT IN FLUX:? FAMILY:â€Å"Family is defined as two or more individuals related by blood. matrimony ; or acceptance who reside together† . In a more dynamic sense. the persons who constitute a household might be described as members of the most basic societal group who live together and interact to fulfill their personal and common demands. The household remains the cardinal or dominant establishment in supplying for the public assistance of its members. ? Family: Families sometimes are referred to as families. non all families are households. For illustration. a family might include persons who are non related by blood. matrimony. or acceptance. such as single twosomes. household friends. roomies. or lodgers. However. within the context of consumer behaviour. house-holds and households normally are treated as synonymous. and we will go on this convention. TYPES OF FAMILY HOUSEHOLDS:? Married Couples:The simplest type of household. in figure of members. is the married couple-a hubby and a married woman. As a family unit. the married twosome by and large is representative of either new married who have non yet started a household or older twosomes who have already raised their kids. ? Nuclear Family:A hubby and married woman and one or more kids constitute a atomic household. This type of household is still platitude but has been on the declined. ? Extended Family:The atomic household. together with at least one grandparent life within the family. is called an drawn-out household. Within the past 30 old ages the incidence of the drawn-out household has besides declined because of the geographic mobility that splits up households. Furthermore. because of divorce. separation. and out-of-wedlock births. there has been a rapid addition in the figure of single-parent household families. ? Single Parent Family:Single parent household families are those dwelling of one parent and at least one kid. It could be as a consequence of divorce or any other factor. TYPES OF NON FAMILY HOUSEHOLDS:? Unmarried Couples:These are the twosomes who live together without any relationship. It could be friends. roomies etc. ? Friends/Roommates:These are the families who consist of no. of friends populating together or roomies such as Bachelors in our society. ? Lodgers:These are the individuals who live in the same room of get oning house or college inn or in ground forces. Socialization OF FAMILY Members:â€Å"It is the procedure by which kids get the accomplishments. cognition. and attitudes necessary to work as consumers† . The socialisation of household members. runing from immature kids to grownups is a cardinal household map. In instance of immature kids. this procedure includes leaving to kids the basic values and manners of behavior consistent with the civilization. These by and large include moral and spiritual rules. interpersonal accomplishments. frock and training criterions. appropriate manners and address. and the choice of suited educational or calling ends. Parental Socialization:Parental socialisation duty seems to be invariably spread outing. Parents are frequently dying to see their immature kids possess equal computing machine accomplishments. about before they are able to speak or walk. Because of parents’ intensive involvement in their kids larning about utilizing a computing machine. hardware and package developers are on a regular basis developing their merchandises targeted at parents seeking to purchase such points for their kids. Parents changeless force per unit area to assist their immature kids to procure an advantage or maintain in front are the demanding day-to-day agendas that rule the lives of many kids. Such feverish agendas foster a contrast concentration on competition and consequences and non holding a merriment or being created. Sellers often target parents looking for aid in the undertaking of socialising their kids. Sellers are sensitive to the fact that the socialisation of immature kids provides an chan ce to set up a foundation on which subsequently experiences continue to construct throughout the life. These experiences are reinforced and modified as the kid grows into adolescence. the adolescent old ages. and finally into childhood. Consumer Socialization of Children:The facet of childhood socialisation that is peculiarly relevant to the survey of consumer behaviour of kids. Many preteen kids get their consumer behaviour norms through observation of their parents and older siblings. who function as a function theoretical account and beginnings of cues for basic ingestion acquisition. In contrast. striplings and adolescents are likely to look to their friends for theoretical accounts of acceptable ingestion behaviour. Younger kids respond positively to advertizements using a interpreter who seems to carry through a parental function. whereas adolescents frequently like merchandises for the simple ground that their parent disapprove of them. Adult Consumer Socialization:Socialization begins in an early childhood and extends throughout a person’s full life. e. g. . when a freshly married twosome establishes their ain family. their accommodations to life and devouring together in portion of this go oning procedure. Similarly. the accommodations of a retired twosome who decide to travel someplace else is a portion of ongoing socialisation procedure. Integrational Socialization:Certain merchandise truenesss or trade name penchants are transferred from one coevals to another. This is called Integrational trade name transportation. Specific trade name penchants for merchandises are often passed on from one coevals to another coevals. A simple theoretical account of the socialisation procedure that focuses on the socialisation of immature kids but that can be extended to household members of all ages. The pointers run both ways between the immature individual and other household members and between immature individual and his or her friends. These two directional pointers signify that socialisation is truly a bipartisan street. in which the immature individual is both socialised and influences those who are making the socialization. Parental heat relates positively to: 1 ) The extent to which a child’s involvement in the cyberspace serves as a accelerator for increased parental cyberspace involvement. 2 ) How much the kid teaches a parent about the cyberspace 3 ) Whether the kid acts as the parent’s cyberspace agent ( e. g. . the kid stores for the parent on the cyberspace ) . As kids are frequently more comfy than their parents with digital and electronic media. they are frequently the 1s in the household who do the instruction. Other Functions of the Family:Three basic maps provided by the household are peculiarly relevant to a treatment of consumer behaviour. These include: 1 ) Economic Wellbeing:The household who forms their household for economic security. supplying fiscal agencies to its dependants is unimpeachably a basic household map. So. that hubby. married woman and kids work for the fiscal strength of their household. 2 ) Emotional Support:The household which is formed for the emotional nutriment ( including love. fondness. and familiarity ) with its members. In carry throughing this map. the household provides support and encouragement and assists its members in get bying with determination devising and with personal or societal jobs. 3 ) Suitable Family Life Manners:Upbringing. experience. and the personal and jointly held ends of the partners determine the importance placed on instruction or calling. on reading. telecasting sing. on the acquisition of computing machine accomplishments etc. a household being together one time meant making things together. today it means in the same family and each individual making his or her ain thing. Family lifestyle committednesss. including the allotment of clip. are greatly act uponing ingestion forms. Family Decision Making A ; ingestion related functions:Sellers recognize the household as the basic consumer determination doing units ; they most often examine the attitudes and behaviours of the one household member whom they believe to be the individual most likely to be the primary user of the merchandise or service. Key Family Consumption Roles: Dynamicss of Husband-Wife Decision Making:? Husband Dominated:? Wife Dominated:? Joint:– Equal:– Syncratic:? Autonomic:– Solitary:– Unilateral: The Family Life Cycle:It is a utile selling tool when one keeps in head that there are household and lifestyles agreements that are to the full accounted for by the traditional representation. Flc analysis enables sellers to section households in footings of a series of phases crossing the life class of a household unit. The flc is a composite variable by consistently uniting such normally used demographic variables as matrimonial position. size of household. age of household members. and employment position of the caput of family. Traditional Family Life Cycle:It is a patterned advance of phases through which many households pass. get downing with bachelorhood. traveling on to marriage ( and the creative activity of basic household unit ) . so to household growing ( with the birth of kids ) . to household contraction. and stoping with the disintegration of the basic unit. Different phases of the FLC theoretical account are as follows: 1 ) Bachelorhood: immature individual grownup populating apart from parents. 2 ) Honey Mooners: immature married twosomes.3 ) Parenthood: Married twosome with at least one kid life at place. 4 ) Postparenthood: an older married twosome with no kids populating at place. 5 ) Dissolution: one surviving partner.

I am a man more sinned against than sinning III.2.59-60 Essay Example

I am a man more sinned against than sinning III.2.59-60 Essay To what extent do you agree with Lears statement above? Discuss Lears role in the play and explore his journey from tyrant to humility and death.Interpreting Lears own analysis of his situation, in that he is a man more sinned against than sinning (Act 3, scene 2) is problematic. Up until this point, and throughout the play, the characterization of Lear has been particularly complex. He is, in fact a tragic hero who excites a variety of responses from an audience. Lear has been presented to the audience as neither wholly evil, in that it can be argued that he is suffering unjustly, nor wholly good, in that his sufferings are completely undeserved. Lear demonstrates both good and bad qualities to an extent, and it is possible to say that Lear is neither deserving nor undeserving of his sufferings in a straightforward way. This essay will therefore assess conflicting points of view relating to the original statement, and in analysing the evidence, will demonstrate the extent to which I agree with the statement.It is possible to say that Lear is deserving of his sufferings to an extent, and that he is now reaping the rewards of his arrogance, irrationality and foolishness. One critic of the lay, William Rosen notes in How Do We Judge King Lear? in Criticism, Vol. XIV, No. 3, Summer, 1972, pp. 207-26.Initially Lear is imperious, vain, and unwilling to consider any perspective other than his own Such qualities are presented clearly to the audience in the opening of the play, when it is particularly evident that Lear is only experiencing the sufferings that he has imposed upon himself through his own folly. In Act 1, Lear displays many traits designed to alienate and shock the audience. In fact, Lear is the first character the audience are encouraged to dislike. Rash and arrogant, Lear behaves like a tyrannical dictator rather than a responsible King and Father.As soon as the audience are introduced to Lear, he describes the absurd love test he will carry out in orde r to divide up his kingdom. What should in essence be a difficult and serious task for the king is seemingly disregarded as Lear adopts a method more suitable for flattering his own ego than judging who can best govern the state. Lear questions which of you shall say doth love us most? (Act 1, scene 1.) The audience witnesses Lears absurd and egotistical test whereby his daughters publicly lay claim as to who loves their father more in the hopes of gaining the largest proportion of land.This interpretation of Lear is further reinforced by his alarming tendency to judge first and foremost on appearances and his utter blindness to reality. Fooled by his own sense of pride, he relishes Goneril and Regans superficial and elegant speeches. He is thrilled by Gonerils exaggerated and profoundly ironic claim that she loves him beyond what can be valued, rich or rare. (Act 1 scene 1) However, upon Cordelias honest, plain, but no less meaningful statements and refusal to participate, Lear los es his temper and behaves like a tyrant, behaving absurdly, arrogantly and irrationally.He banishes not only Cordelia his favourite, and ironically the only daughter who holds any genuine love and compassion for him, but also Kent, his most loyal, trusted and previously most highly esteemed servant, in favour of those characters the audience can see, are so obviously corrupt. Because Cordelia would not conform to her Fathers ludicrous expectations he disowned her, simply on the grounds that his own pride suffered a blow, not because of any genuine malicious intentions. Lear behaved atrociously towards Cordelia, humiliating, insulting, and breaking the natural parental bonds with the only daughter who held any sort of genuine compassion for him. Such irrationality, Lears banishment and disownment of not one but two genuine and rational characters signify to the audience that such evils cannot go unchecked, and Lear will experience great sufferings for his foolish behaviour in the fut ure. It is this behaviour in Scene 1, that we can say is Lears biggest sin.It is quite possible, that the sisters atrocious behaviour towards their father is to an extent, justified, by the way in which Lear has behaved toward them. It is evident that Lear has favoured Cordelia above Goneril and Regan since childhood. Such unfairness and neglect from Lear towards the sisters has undoubtedly contributed to their own lack of loyalty towards their father, and subsequent treatment of him. Such a need to compete against the favourite child in order to gain love for their father have in fairness, have in essence, shaped the characters of Goneril and Regan. From childhood they perhaps have borne resentment and frustrations at the tendencies of Lear and it is arguable that the sisters actions and ultimately Lears sufferings are the products of what he has himself created.The sisters, unable to obtain what should have been given unconditionally, not earned, which was their fathers love, in m y opinion, have shaped their power hungry and ruthless natures. What in fact they demonstrate is perhaps not wholly unjustified, but profoundly human qualities in their attempts to gain wealth and power, and therefore it is questionable the extent to which we can condemn them for it. This point is further reinforced in Act 2 scene 4, when Lear, despairingly tries in vain to convince them of his need to keep his train, he reminds them of what they own him. I gave you all. Which is swiftly undercut by Regans immediate response of And in good time you gave it, signifying her obvious sense of dissatisfaction of her Fathers behaviour throughout her life.When exploring Lears analysis that he is more sinned against from sinning from this point of view is obviously flawed, in that Lear certainly has at times abused his power, neglected his children and too concerned with his own sense of importance, was blind to the reality of the situation. However true this may be, it is also possible to say that we can in fact, at times identify and sympathise with Lear as he progresses down the path of self discovery and rejuvenation. One critic, Arnold Kettle, in Literature and Liberation: Selected essays, 1998 Is of the opinion that Lears story is the progress from being a King to being a man, no more, no less. The following will explore this opinion further.Lear evokes our sympathy when he shows his better qualities In Act 2. His hiring of Caius shows that Lear inspires loyalty, and his interaction with the Fool shows a softer, more tolerant side to his nature. We also admire, to an extent his determination to remain calm when he feels he is being wronged I have perceived a most faint neglect of late which I have rather blamed as mine own jealous curiosity than as a very pretence and purpose of unkindness. (Act 1, Scene 4) Lear is willing to give Goneril the benefit of the doubt, but of course this calm side could possible be due to his awareness of his loss of power. In the ne xt scene however, Lear realises his foolishness in his treatment of Cordelia.With this new insight and growing troubles, our concern for Lear grows as we witness him continually being cheated and disrespected. We begin to share his outrage at Goneril and Regan, for their behaviour towards him. His arguments with Goneril in Scene 4 are not the egotistic ravings witnessed in scene one, but rather arguments of desperation and weakness, impotence rather than authority. We witness his genuine shock at his realisation of his foolishness which in turn evokes our pathos as well as encouraging us to condemn Gonerils behaviour towards her father. Lear assesses the situation befittingly, stating that it is sharper than a serpents tooth, to have a thankless child (Act 1, scene 4)In the following Act we witness a further demise in the authority of Lear with the punishment of Caius in Act 2, scene 2. Lear has arrived at Gloucesters castle and has discovered the the shame (line 6) of finding Kent, his servant in stocks. This unnerves the King, and it is proof that he is continuing to be treated with contempt. Yet, when told the truth he is unwilling to believe that his daughter could be responsible for this crime against him. This blind faith in his daughter causes us to pity him all the more, as we know of her true intentions, which effectively mounts our dislike for Goneril and Regan all the more. What is revealed here is Regan and Cornwalls malicious and cruel natures.The mood and tone of this scene has shifted, indicating Lears increasing mental stability. Lears turmoil and cries for affection are evident to the audience, and so we feel all the more resentful at the heartlessness of Regan in her utter oblivion for her fathers suffering. Lear in this scene is presented to us as an old, desperate man. One in which we can easily feel pathos towards in his obvious defeat. When Cornwall and Regan arrive he is pitiful and troubled, ending his first speech with a cry out to his daughter O Regan! (line 132) Regan however, employs the same sharp tone that Goneril used effectively in Act 1 Scene 4. She tells her father he should just accept his age and failings of judgement. Regan is extremely firm in her advice to return to Goneril and beg her pardon.Lear is astonished and is reduced to kneeling to her in begging On my knees I beg that youll vouchsafe me raiment, bed and food. Lear, previously powerful and respected, is now conveyed to us as a weak old man, forced to beg to his uncompassionate daughter for shelter. This sends a clear image to the audience of the Sisters, together youthful and powerful with ruthless ambition, are able combined to cause an unforeseen extent of trouble. Such strong power is juxtaposed upon their competing against the old and meagre Lear who stands alone, utterly powerless, reaping the consequences of his foolish act. Whats worse is that Lear is even further demeaned in that he is reduced to the use of flattery to try and win R egans acceptance Her (Gonerils) eyes are fierce but thine do comfort and not burn.But again, his words have no effect. The audience have the added insight and it is obvious to us of the falseness and utter hopelessness of Lears beliefs. These visual signs of his deterioration, his beggary, and reversion to flattery serve to shock the audience, provoke pity and remind us of his desperation, and so result in the complete rejection for the Sisters principals. We detest Regans nerve in reducing her own father to such a blundering state, and we are given the impression of the conflict very much being a two against one situation. We deplore her all the more for her cold, detached and simply rude response to her Fathers desperate pleas for residence Return you to my sister! she uncompromisingly commands. We are aware now that Lear is utterly without hope with the combined forces of both his daughters working against him.Gonerils lack of concern prove the sisters are oblivious to Lears agit ation and suffering, and they embarrassingly for Lear, insist upon measuring out his servants. The sisters continue, cruelly, to contradict Lear upon the issue of his knights, and successively, they symbolically strip Lear of everything that was once important to him, his power, his identity and his authority. Goneril questions him what need you five and twenty, ten, or five? Which is followed swiftly by Regans what need you one? Lear, devastated announces he is a poor old man, as full of grief as age. Lear is reduced from a position of respect and authority to a penury beggar type figure which served to evoke a definite sense of pathos. Upon Lears departure, they cold, callously and symbolically lock the doors against Lear, creating a definite sense that they have turned their backs on their father.They are neither moved nor concerned for their fathers well being nor by his agonised final speech. This shocking detachedness demonstrates their cruel desire to inflict suffering upon a n old man. The action of this scene would have a profound effect upon the audience as they witness the cruelty he endures. Lear has been stripped of everything which separates him from humanity. No longer the grand, authoritive power figure of Act 1, Lear has been reduced in the extreme, his weaknesses exposed. Lear is, therefore no longer elevated above humanity and an audience has the ability to identify with his situation. Upon witnessing events and Lears exit into the storm, our sympathies are likely to rest and lie with the beleaguered King.Such pathos is further fortified by Lears symbolic descent into madness where he undergoes an immense learning process as he treads along the path of self-discovery. Indeed, it was necessary for Lear to suffer in order to improve his understanding of himself and his society generally. It also appears that as the audience witness the deterioration and mounted suffering and internal turmoil of Lear in Act 3, their sympathy grows likewise. Iron ically, it is evident that it is only when Lear turns mad that he can see the things he was blind to when he was sane. In scene 3, for the first time we witness Lear showing his compassionate nature when he considers the Fools comfort in the storm. Come on, my boy.How dost, my boy? Art cold? No longer is Lear filled with a sense of his own self pity and importance, and his softer and more humane nature shines through at this point in his unselfish acts. Such changes serve to remove further the trappings associated with power and the audience can easily identify in favour and feel sympathy towards Lears own analysis of himself as a poor, infirm, weak and despised old man. Whilst witnessing Lears obvious decent into madness in the storm, his inner turmoil and agonising sufferings evident we feel a definite sense of pathos towards him. At this point also we feel that indeed Lears past sins are becoming more and more insignificant in light of what he has had to endure. Therefore it is easy to agree or at least recognise the validity to Lears despairing proclamation in this scene, that he is indeed a man more sinned against than sinning.Here, we are presented with a former King, a meagre, weak, old man stripped of power and humiliated by his own daughters, with no shelter in a terrible storm. What further offers proof to us that Lear is deserving of our sympathy is the fact that he has inspired two, obviously good and faithful servants who love him, and would follow him blindly to ensure his safety. Furthermore, Lear was loved genuinely and fiercely by Cordelia, who embodied goodness, purity, and Christian love. If Lear is capable of inspiring the love and respect of three characters such as these it is arguable that he must indeed have noble and admirable qualities.Scene 4 demonstrates Lears process of self enlightenment further. Lear continues to act unselfishly, showing humility and putting the needs of The Fool, Kent and Poor Tom above his own, indicating he i s learning compassion. This is further explored when Lear is able to recognise, and talk with a great degree of empathy and reverence about issues he paid little attention to previously, and in doing so realisied his priorities did not lie where they should have when he was King. In his madness, he considers topics such as the poor and homelessness and the corrupt justice system, coming to realise O! I have taen too little care of this! More symbolically, Lear undergoes a terrible sense of self-purging through his interactions with Poor Tom and displays the stoicism of a true tragic hero.The sense of pity we feel for Lear increases as he learns to pity others, despite his own immense sufferings. Lear learns to distinguish between appearances and reality, as symbolised by the removal of his clothes. This act is a far cry from the character we saw in Act 1. At this point all symbols of power have been removed and therefore there is no longer any sort of barriers between Lear and human ity. With this action, Lear is likely to have won the audiences respect and support. Indeed, it is evident that Lear emerges from this torment a much more humble, loving and attractive character.In saying this, it is also important to recognise that there are some elements in this scene which make Lear less sympathetic. Although it is true that Lear undoubtedly gains a sense of enlightenment, it is questionable whether he gained a full sense of acceptance for his own guilt in the situation. Lear most certainly feels sorry for his treatment of Cordelia, but never for his foolish action of dividing his Kingdom on the basis of something so superficial as a love test. Similarly, Lear does not recognise that he, perhaps did not act at all times as a fair father should towards Goneril and Regan in his favouritism. In scenes 2 and 4, Lears revelations of humanity are punctuated with references to his own sufferings and words of vengeance, and it is evident that Lear still holds a great dea l of resent and wrath.Filial ingratitude! Is it not that this mouth should tear this hand for lifting food to it? Indeed he, perhaps rather selfishly assumes that Poor Toms madness must be as a result of daughters, unable to comprehend any other reason for madness. Nothing could have subdued nature to such a lowness but unkind daughters. It is possible also to say that Lear is too obsessed with his own sufferings that he fails to recognise the validity or even possibility of anyone elses, which comes through in his obvious vengefulness. Lear also, rather alarmingly, shifts the blame onto women and at times shows a definite sense of misogyny. Such actions portray Lear to be unaccepting of his own guilt and therefore less sympathetic to the audience.However, with these elements taken into account, I am of the opinion that Lear undoubtedly does achieve in fact a sense of reverence and compassion to an extent that certainly was not present before. The fact that Lear is not perhaps compl etely reformed gives rise to a more realistic human journey, as it is certainly true that people do not gain understanding and change to become better people instantly. It is the fact that Lears path of enlightenment involves elements of resent and wrath which gives him qualities all the more human and therefore even more identifiable with.Perhaps, the climax of Lears journey occurs in Act 5 through his reconciliation with Cordelia. The Lear we see in scene 3 is worlds apart from the Lear of previous scenes, and it is at this point that Lear reaches the summit of his own self understanding. At his meeting with Cordeila, he is unconcerned at going to prison so long as he can be with her to protect her. Lear shows the utmost reverence and respect towards her, Ill kneel down and ask thee for forgiveness. The tone of his speech is gentle and for the first time we receive he has a genuine sense of happiness, which is associated with his love for Cordelia, a human relationship as opposed to any material belongings, wealth or authority. Lear speaks calmly, rationally and surprisingly optimistically considering they will most likely be sent to prison.The audience receives a definite sense form his behaviour that he would be content so long as he can be with his daughter, providing evidence that the Lear who placed importance upon materialistic pleasures is a thing of the past. Lear and Cordelias reconciliation is touching and we deplore any attempts to interfere with this bond, gaining respect for Lear all the more strongly for discovering the value of human relationships and family. He, for once is able to give and whats more, recognise genuine love and care, which he realises individually is far more important than status. Lear, upon his total recognition has gained our support entirely at this point.At the end of the play we feel the utmost sympathy for Lear upon the death of Cordelia. We realise agonisingly that it is just as Lear reached an understanding, the mos t important person was taken away from him. Our sympathy for the mourning King is furthered by his dellusionary state when, unable to accept her sudden death he imagines that she still lives. He claims that if the feather stirs; she lives, it is a chance which does redeem all sorrows that I have ever felt. We see a bent, suffering old father who has had to go through the agony of losing his daughter just as he had gained a sense of understanding to really embrace the value of human relationships.Lears total rejuvenation extracts our utmost pathos at the end. Whilst his sufferings would appear to have been in vain I am of the opinion that it was necessary for Lear to suffer as he did, to go through the experiences in order to come through a better and purer person. I feel that Lear was able to die with a sense of happiness which would have otherwise been impossible, in that he recognised his previous sins and seeked to rectify them, in making amends with Cordelia before it was too la te. In this way, Lear was offered the opportunity to gain redemption through his suffering.In conclusion, upon discussing the evidence, I can say that I agree with the original statement to an extent. Up to perhaps the point where Lear made his statement, that he was more sinned against than sinning, I believed that Lears own sins still largely surmounted those he had suffered. In my opinion, Lears failure to recognise his own failings would be likely to heighten the audiences perception of Lears darker, more vengeful nature, and so promote substantially less sympathy towards Lear. Yet as the action progressed, when Lear ceased his complaints of his own sufferings, recognised the validity of the troubles of others and in doing so gained a greater sense of compassion and understanding, I do in fact, identify with Lears analysis. As we witness the old Kings genuine sufferings our sympathy grows likewise.Lear, in laying himself bare to us, removes all barriers which separates him from mankind. Lear is more or less exposing his own weaknesses to us the audience, and in doing so, creates a certain bond with the audience by putting himself in our care. Such an action gains our respect and we can now sympathise strongly with him. We can recognise and see for our v selves the wrongs committed against him, which in turn leads us to deplore such sins all the more strongly. Finally, upon my understanding and interpretation of the action of the play, I can say that Lear in fact suffers more sins than is responsible for, as indeed Lears sufferings were a direct result of calculated evil intentions, whereas his own sins were perhaps due to mere ignorance.

BMW Human Resoure Managment Project

BMW Human Resoure Managment Project Executive Summary Type of problem The automotive industry has presented humanity with a wide range of beneficiaries. However, it is pointed at as a major source of air pollution resulting in climate change, green house gases, human diseases and many other problems. In fact, the industry is among the biggest consumers of fossil fuels.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on BMW Human Resoure Managment Project specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The development of green technology towards mitigating the effects of air pollution is contemporarily critical in realizing sustainable development. The development of innovative systems and technologies possess the capacity to improve performance if appropriate resource management is put in place. Requirements In order to attain sustainable development in the automotive industry, the management of resources is crucial. Human resource management (HRM) is particularly important. HRM dra ws out the incentive of employees and assists in the development of expertise (Shatouri, Omar Igusa, 2012). An organization cannot perform at optimal level until every employee is dedicated to the organizational goals and function as an efficient team member. The input of the human resource function is therefore essential for an automotive company to produce automotives that will ensure not only sustainability development but also contribute towards the profitability of the company. Proposed business solution Strategic human resource management is the main means through which a company can mold the skills, behavior and attitudes of the employees to support the company’s strategic goals. In a company such as Bavarian Motor Works, the implementation of sound HRM strategy in view of employee will be beneficial to the company in moving towards the green technology in operation and production of automotives. The engagement of employees in decision-making is critical in individual and organizational performance. This study will address the importance of implementing a set of human resource management strategies that will elicit workforce’s motivation in developing expertise and innovativeness. The strategic practices proposed will allow BMW to realize and employ knowledge and skills in its employees. This will in turn accelerate innovativeness with sustainable environment practices in the mind of the employees. Main Body The proposed project portfolio-management method Project portfolio management is an assortment of methodologies and strategies that are intended to assist in managing a multiplicity of projects efficiently and successfully. BMW has been successful in managing other projects considering the financial endowment of the company. In fact, the company has the capacity to employ expertise in appropriate fields. However, this is usually costly as those engaged in specific projects disengage once the contract is over.Advertising Lookin g for proposal on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The company then engages others to continue with the project. In order to minimize the costs incurred by the company in its efforts to develop green technologies, the HRM approach is the most feasible approach. The introduction of HRM to the company will ensure that a culture is developed. The culture will ensure that the company does not require engaging outsiders for growth, profitability and development of the company (Lopez-Nicolas Mero-Cerdian, 2011). The company will depend on the established employee loyalty, dedication, innovativeness and commitment to the endeavors of the company. This is only achievable if sound human resource management is put in place as a continuous process for the current and prospective employees. The approach will ensure that the employees will actively contribute towards innovativeness in the company. The proposal compri se of three HRM practices that hold up an innovation-based HR system. These include training, performance-based rewarding and team development. Training The quick rates of technological changes require regular training of the workforce in order to remain relevant in their respective roles. The acquisition of skills requires being continuous. Training the workforce enhances skills and knowledge essential in the development of new products. Organizations that are high performers invest time and financial resources in educating and training the workforce. The training will be aligned to the needs of BMW. Performance-based Rewarding Trained employees are typically competent based on the training they receive. However, different individuals employ the acquired knowledge differently. Learning behaviors that make individuals to improve their performance necessitate rewarding to sustain competitiveness. The approach will ensure that BMW benefits from the training mediated by the workforceâ €™s skills, behavior and attitudes. In this proposal, performance rewarding will be primarily based on product development. This does not translate to doing away with other rewards. Team Development Technology-oriented researches indicate that teamwork plays a fundamental role in eliciting innovation (Shatouri, Omar Igusa, 2012). Organizational development and performance significantly depends on team development planning. It influences organizational performance, improves productivity, innovativeness as well as workforce morale.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on BMW Human Resoure Managment Project specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More BMW requires implementing professional team development initiatives under the HRM function in order to encourage the teams to contemplate as a unit. It will also assist individuals in developing a range of interpersonal expertise including motivational, leadership and communication s kills. Rationale BMW’s overall plan to conducting business begins with the idea that an organizational competitive edge should be anchored on the value for individuals. BMW has a basic supposition that has been cautiously chosen and grown on employees for quite some time. The company assumes that the more people it has the more the production and consequently the profitability of the company. The proposed project aspires to diminish this aspect by introducing the ‘engaged, motivated and satisfied employee’. Instead of having a massive workforce that is not engaged in research and development, innovativeness and engagement, the project will seek to develop a workforce based on the aforementioned perspectives. This will lead the company in attaining competitive advantage and shared prosperity. Strategic efforts of BMW BMW is globally renowned for quality world-class automotives and technology initiatives. The company maintains an outstanding profile in its human re source policies and standards. The company believes that investing in human resources is the key to success in the production and manufacturing-oriented companies. The company in the past has made investments in the human resources by poaching professionals from other automotive companies (Zapata Nieuwenhuis, 2010). However, this approach regardless of being successful has not been sustainable. Other companies also poach employees from the company. BMW consequently has had to repeat the process thus making it a costly process. The programs that have previously been employed by the company were based on the belief that when the right tools are applied to particular problems through highly skilled personnel, the organizational performance will spectacularly improve in a considerably short duration. Such a program is targeted at labor cost and inventory reduction while minimizing quality challenges (Lopez-Nicolas Mero-Cerdian, 2011). Vision This project will create a large pool of kn owledge and motivated workers that will guarantee a stable flow of competent and innovative human resources to handle BMW’s global business. This will focus wider than the current practice in which the company believes in expertise in the production line only.Advertising Looking for proposal on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Goal This project seeks to establish an organizational culture that will assist the company in developing the skills and competence of the employees. The employees will require being motivated to contribute in attaining the objectives of the company. By having a dedicated workforce, the success of the company will be guaranteed in case other areas outside the human resource function will be well attended to by those concerned. This goal is specific in that it seeks to have a committed and satisfied workforce. It is measurable considering that the contribution of the employees can be assessed and compared to performance prior to the implementation of the program. The goal is attainable since it involves human interaction, employee satisfaction, creation of commitment and consequent innovativeness. HRM is currently the approach employed by many successful companies and it promises a worthy future for companies that will implement it. In fact, it is realistic since it has been done bef ore while the approach is timely for BMW. The company needs to reduce recruitment costs, gain competitive advantage and ensure environmental sustainability (Zapata Nieuwenhuis, 2010). Major Deliverables Organizational integration This is the primary deliverable of the project. This will be at personal and corporate level. The teams will be subordinate to the company objectives. The teams will be composed of individuals hence a relationship between the individual and the company will be established. Commitment This is an outcome of the initiative. Once the employees are engaged with the company at all levels, loyalty will be created. Adaptability and Flexibility There will be no single authority holding powers over teams. The team leader will only act as the link with other teams. The teams will be restructured according to the situation. Job rotation will be an aspect of the initiative to develop skills fully in all employees. Quality The training of the teams means that the indivi duals can assess their own performances, their peers and the entire team. This will be coupled with benchmarking and continuous process improvement. Change Management This approach will bring with it significant changes. The HR function will ensure that the changes positively influence the individuals and the company to maximize performance and motivate the employees. Timeframe for solution delivery January to February 2014 – Putting the necessary infrastructure in place March to June 2014 – Training of staff August 2014 – Assessment of the change in attitude September 2014 – Performance appraisal January 2015 onwards – Quarterly training and performance appraisal Table of resources People Equipment Materials Human resource manager Professional instructors Employees Computers Contemporary technology appropriate for automotive industry Any other necessary equipment to facilitate innovation Performance appraisal systems Stationery Le arning aids (including charts) Information from the internet Total Budget for the project Currently, BMW has programs that are designed to find the most skilled personnel for respective departments particularly the production division. The company will require purchasing equipment that will facilitate training and evaluation of performance. The total budget is estimated at $50,000. Description Cost (US dollar) Computers 30,000 Software 10,000 Stationery 2,000 Training expenses 8,000 Total 50,000 Key success criteria The success of the proposed initiative will be assessed according to the improvement in performance and the company. Using performance appraisal tools, the level of improvement will reflect whether the initiative is successful or not. The rationale in this is that the company already has a HR program. However, the proposed approach presents the company with a significant departure from the current practice. Stakeholders’ satisfactory levels T here will be evident change of attitude in interactions. Company performance will increase New products will be produced Conclusion Training, performance-based rewarding and team development present companies with the opportunity for innovation, gain competitive advantage and move towards sustainable development. The move helps an organization to reduce costs while ensuring environmental sustainability through innovative workforce. References Lopez-Nicolas, C., Mero-Cerdian, L. (2011). Strategic knowledge management, innovation and performance. International Journal of Information Management, 31(6), 502–509. Shatouri, R., Omar, R., Igusa, K. (2012). Towards a new era of sustainability in the automotive industry: Strategic human resource management and green technology innovation. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 69(2), 217-222. Zapata, C., Nieuwenhuis, P. (2010). Exploring innovation in the automotive industry: New technologies for cleaner cars. Journ al of Cleaner Production, 18(1), 14– 20.